Dicksonia squarrosa, the New Zealand tree fern,[1] whekī /ˈfɛkiː/ or rough tree fern, is a common tree fern endemic to New Zealand. It has a slender black trunk that is usually surrounded by many dead brown fronds.[2]
| Dicksonia squarrosa | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Cyatheales |
| Family: | Dicksoniaceae |
| Genus: | Dicksonia |
| Species: | D. squarrosa
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| Binomial name | |
| Dicksonia squarrosa (G.Forst.) Sw.
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| Synonyms | |
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Description
editThis species has a fast growth rate of up to 10–80 cm (4–31 in) a year, growing to about 6 m (20 ft) tall.[3] It produces few fronds, all of which sprout in almost horizontal fashion. The fronds reach 1.5–3 m (4 ft 11 in – 9 ft 10 in) in length, much smaller than Cyathea varieties, and are quite crisp to touch. They form a small "umbrella" on top of the trunk. They are sometimes found sprouting from apparently dead pieces of trunk. The trunks are often used for fencing or edging and fronds will sometimes sprout from the side if the top is dead. A feature of the whekī is the spreading underground rhizomes which can create dense groves, making it one of the most common tree ferns in New Zealand forests.[4]
The Latin specific epithet squarrosa means "with curving ends" (referring to the fronds).[5]
Human use
editThe whekī is quite hardy and tolerant to sun and some wind, but is best suited to a site with partial shade and minimal wind. It will tolerate some exposure to the elements – but can look quite scruffy in such a situation. Some protection should be considered over the winter months in climates with temperatures below 4–5 °C, e.g. shadecloth cover or straw packed in the crown. The fronds are small and compact, making this fern an ideal container or garden plant where space is limited. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[1][6]
The Māori used to form fences of their fortified Pā with the dead whekī trunks.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b "RHS Plant Selector - Dicksonia squarrosa". Retrieved 27 May 2020.
- ^ "Dicksonia squarrosa description". Forest Ferns. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
- ^ "Dicksonia squarrosa height". Archived from the original on 22 November 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
- ^ "Underground rhizomes reference". Retrieved 7 April 2012.
- ^ Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for Gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 978-1845337315.
- ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 29. Retrieved 6 February 2018.
- ^ Andrew Crowe (1997). A Guide to the Identification of New Zealand Native Ferns. Auckland, New Zealand: Penguin Books. p. 12.
External links
edit
Media related to Dicksonia squarrosa at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Dicksonia squarrosa at Wikispecies
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