Where or When

For the racehorse, see Where or When (horse).

"Where or When" is a show tune from the 1937 Rodgers and Hart musical Babes in Arms. It was first performed by Ray Heatherton and Mitzi Green. That same year, Hal Kemp recorded a popular version. The song also appeared in the film version of Babes in Arms two years later.

"Where or When"
Song
Published	1937 by Chappell & Co.
Genre	Showtune
Composer(s)	Richard Rodgers
Lyricist(s)	Lorenz Hart

"Where or When"
Single by Dion and the Belmonts
from the album Presenting Dion and the Belmonts
B-side	"That's My Desire"
Released	December 1959
Recorded	1959
Genre	Pop doo-wop
Length	2:37
Label	Laurie
Songwriter(s)	Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart
Dion and the Belmonts singles chronology
"Every Little Thing I Do" (1959) "Where or When" (1959) "When You Wish Upon a Star" (1960)

Babes in Arms

"Where or When" is the first number to appear in the original Broadway production of Babes in Arms. The musical opens in fictional Seaport, Long Island on a hectic morning that finds most of the adult population embarking on a five-month vaudeville tour. Soon after his parents' departure, 20-year-old Valentine LaMar (played by Ray Heatherton) discovers at his doorstep a young hitchhiker named Billie Smith (played by Mitzi Green). Instantly smitten, he engages her in a discussion of movie stars, self-defense maneuvers, and Nietzsche's theory of individualism, at which point Val impulsively steals a kiss. Both admit to a powerful sense of déjà vu and sing "Where or When" as a duet.

MGM bought the screen rights to the play in 1938, and the following year the studio released Babes in Arms, starring Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland. The picture bore little resemblance to its stage predecessor, with the characters and plot substantially revised by 10 studio writers, and only two numbers being retained from the score. "Where or When" appeared 37 minutes into the film, sung in a duet by Betty Jaynes and Douglas McPhail, and partially reprised solo by Garland.

Lyrics

The lyrics of Where or When illustrate a memory phenomenon known as déjà vu. The line "Some things that happened for the first time...", as interpreted by artists such as Ella Fitzgerald is sung as "Some things that happen for the first time...," which gives it a somewhat different meaning.

Ultimately, the uncertainty of whether the couple had met before is never resolved in the lyrics, just wistfully chalked up to "tricks that your mind can play" in the final line of the second verse, which is not often recorded:

Recorded versions

Where or When has become part of the Great American Songbook, having been recorded by scores of popular artists over the decades, starting with a successful cover by Hal Kemp and his Orchestra shortly after its debut in 1937.

Other memorable recordings include those by:

• Douglas McPhail
• Betty Jaynes
• Peggy Lee and the Benny Goodman Sextet in 1941
• Lena Horne in 1948
• Ella Fitzgerald in 1956
• Frank Sinatra recorded it three times, in 1945, 1958 and 1966
• Dean Martin is credited with numerous interpretations
• A doo-wop 45 rpm single by Dion & The Belmonts in 1960

More contemporary interpretations have been done by Barbra Streisand, Carly Simon, Judy Collins, Harry Connick Jr., George Michael, Bryan Ferry, Mandy Patinkin, Diana Krall, Michael Buble and Laufey.

Instrumental versions were recorded by Count Basie, Dave Brubeck, Duke Ellington, Etta Jones and others.

Pop culture

• Judy Garland in the 1939 MGM musical Babes in Arms