White Amazonian Indians or White Indians is a term first applied to sightings or encounters with mysterious white skinned natives of the Amazon Rainforest from the 16th century by Spanish missionaries. These encounters and tales sparked Percy Fawcett's journey into the uncharted jungle of the Amazonian Mato Grosso region. Various theories since the early 20th century have been proposed regarding the documented sightings or encounters.
History
editThe Spanish Dominican missionary Gaspar de Carvajal first claimed meeting a white tribe of Amazonians, he wrote in his Account of the Recent Discovery of the Famous Grand River (1542) of a tribe of Amazonian women who were "very white and tall" who had "long hair, braided and wound about their heads".[1] British Journalist Harold T. Wilkins in his Mysteries of Ancient South America (1945) compiled further accounts of similar sightings of "White Indians" in the Amazon Rainforest from the 16th to 19th century by explorers and Jesuits.
Percy Fawcett in the 1920s searched for the Lost City of Z in the Amazon which he believed was inhabited by a race of "White Indians".
Alexander Hamilton Rice Jr.'s 1924-1925 expedition into the unmapped Amazonian regions adjacent to the Parima River was publicized in The New York Times in July 1925.[2][3] The article contains the following physical description of the "White Indians":
Then two Indians who were bleached white by the sun, but of pure Indian blood, came out from the forest to greet the party. Dr. Rice described them as being undersized and undernourished. Their faces were streaked with pigments so that it was difficult to discern the features, but they were undeniably white. They wore no clothing, and carried bows and arrows which were tipped with poison, so the Indians in the expedition said. When the two received presents of beads and handkerchiefs they yelled to their companions and others soon emerged and joined the group, making in all twenty men and two women.
Parakanã Indians
editOne group of Indians who may be the source of some of these tales are the Brazilian Parakanã. Although some are light skinned, "Parakanã have skin colors that are not much different from those of other Amerindian groups.".[4] Another journal article states "there is no evidence of miscegenation with Caucasians".[5]
Aché Indians
editThe Aché (/ɑːˈtʃeɪ/ ah-CHAY) Indians are a traditional hunter-gatherer tribe living in Paraguay. They are called "Guayakí" by Guaraní speaking neighbors and in early anthropological accounts. Early descriptions of the Aché emphasized their white skin, light eye and hair color, heavy beards, Asiatic features, and practice of cannibalism as identifying characteristics. Some writers have suggested that they are the descendants of Norsemen or shipwrecked European sailors, although neighboring groups have said that they look Japanese, not European.[6] A 1996 study reported that "recent genetic studies have in fact concluded that the Ache are physically and genetically dissimilar to most other South American Indians studied but they show no evidence of any European or African admixture."[6]
Guna of Panama
edit
The Guna people of Panama and Colombia have a high incidence rate of albinism,[7] which led Westerners to nickname them "white Indians" in the early 1900s.[8][9]
References
edit- ^ Gaspar de Carvajal, American Geographical Society, 1934.
- ^ "EXPLORER RICE BACK; SAW WHITE INDIANS – Rare Amazonian Tribe Spoke Language of Their Own, Doctor Declares – DISCOVERED BY HINTON – Naval Flier Made Perilous Flight – Over 75-Mile Jungle – Party Met Many Hardships". The New York Times. July 11, 1925.
- ^ Also printed in Time Magazine, 20 July 1925.
- ^ Dos Santos, Sydney E.B.; Ribeiro-Rodrigues, Elzemar M.; Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Ândrea K. C.; et al. (February 2009). "Autosomal STR analyses in native Amazonian Tribes suggest a population structure driven by isolation by distance". Human Biology. 811 (1): 71–88.
- ^ Ribeiro, Daniela M.; Figueiredo, Maria S.; Costa, Fernando F.; Sonati, Maria F. (2003). "Haplotypes of alpha-globin gene regulatory element in two Brazilian native populations". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 121 (1): 58–62. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10193. PMID 12687583.
- ^ a b Hill, Kim; Hurtado, A. Magdalena (1996). Aché life history: the ecology and demography of a foraging people. Aldine Transaction. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-202-02036-5. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ Jeambrun, P. (August 1998). "L'albinisme oculocutané: mises au point clinique, historique et anthropologique" [Oculocutaneous albinism: clinical, historical and anthropological aspects]. Archives de Pédiatrie (in French). 5 (8). Société française de pédiatrie: 896–907. doi:10.1016/S0929-693X(98)80136-X. PMID 9759297.
- ^ PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AT THE ANNUAL MEETING HELD DECEMBER 9, 1926, Smithsonian Institution, December 9, 1926,
A paper by Miss Frances Densmore discusses the music and songs of the Tule Indians of Panama - the so-called "white Indians".
- ^ Marsh, Richard Oglesby (1934). White Indians of Darien. New York, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.