Mobile Literacy in South Africa

Mobile literacy in South Africa refers to informal education initiatives that support literacy and digital fluency using mobile devices, especially mobile phones. It is also known by the abbreviation mLiteracy.^[1]

The mobile literacy ecosystem in South Africa was mapped in January 2015, using the UNESCO study "Reading in the Mobile Era: A Study of Mobile Reading in Developing Countries" as a starting point.^[2]

Ecosystem of mLiteracy in South Africa

The ecosystem in South Africa includes authors, users, content providers, platforms, mobile networks, funding agencies, and training facilities, including schools and libraries. Most of the projects use Creative Commons licences. Their target groups are primarily children, teenagers, and young adults.

Content providers

African Storybook. Founded in 2013, it publishes illustrated children's stories in English, and over 40 African languages.^[3]
Book Dash. Founded in 2014, it creates free print, and mobile-ready African storybooks for young children, published under a Creative Commons licence.
FunDza publishes stories for teenagers, and young adults in 11 of South Africa's official languages. Readers can also comment, and write their own stories.
Nal'ibali. Nal'ibali publishes stories in all official South African languages which parents can read to their children.
Penreach hosts the Asifundze Programme, focused on improving literacy, and numeracy for children between 5 and 9.

Worldreader was founded in 2010 by Coleen McElwee, and David Risher, the former Senior Vice President for Amazon's US Retail. It publishes eBooks for developing countries at discounted prices.
Yoza Cellphone Stories was launched in 2009 by Steve Vosloo, digital policy specialist for UNICEF’s Office of Global Insight and Policy. No longer active, its stories are housed on the FunDza website.
Puku Foundation is a reading promotion, indigenous language advocacy and book curation organisation, which also hosts a digital encyclopedia housing and reviewing children’s literature.

Contribution and license activators

Creative Commons South Africa provides copyright licenses to simplify sharing creative works.
WikiAfrica encourages the development of African for Wikipedia.
Wikipedia Zero grants access to Wikipedia without any airtime costs.

Library-based projects

The Johannesburg City Library has initiatives supporting eLearning and promoting techno-literacy.
The Library and Information Association of South Africa (LIASA) is a platform for libraries and librarians.
The Ulwazi Programme, established in 2008 by the eThekwini Municipality’s Libraries and Heritage Department, collects and shares knowledge about local culture and history.

Research into mobile literacy

Researchers at the University of Cape Town studied the link between mobile literacy and multilingualism and ^[4] the significance of public access locations like libraries and cybercafes in promoting mobile literacy.^[5] This expands on research that investigated how technological improvements might promote media sharing on mobile devices^[6] and characterizes the nature of mobile-first digital literacy practices.^[7]

International affiliated organisations

Electronic Information for Libraries (EIFL) in Africa conducts programmes for librarians in Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya and South Africa.
Goethe-Institut Johannesburg: The Goethe-Institut is the Federal Republic of Germany’s cultural institute. Since 2014, it has initiated international dialogue about digital developments in education, culture and society.
Kenya National Library Service: Kisumu & Kibera project. The National Library Service of Kenya (KNLS) develops, promotes, establishes and equips libraries in Kenya.
German Library Association launched the "Reading is strength" project, aimed at improving digital and new media competence.
Mobiliteracy Uganda is supported by the United States Agency for International Development. It delivers reading lessons to an adult's phone so they can share with their children; audio files allow illiterate parents to also participate in the project.
Launched in Senegal, Sen Mobile provides mobile development focused on learning, health and entertainment.

Developments and challenges

Since implementation in 2009,^[8] the mLiteracy landscape in South Africa has seen a rise in smart phones. ^[9] But even with the increase in projects, and related content, the lack of Africa-relevant content, and content in African languages, as well as the cost of airtime that allows for access, remain major problems.^[10] ^[11]

References

^ Pegrum, Mark (2014). "Teaching Literacy/Ies with Mobile Devices". Mobile Learning. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 157–187. doi:10.1057/9781137309815_6. ISBN 978-1-137-30981-5.
^ "Reading in the mobile era: a study of mobile reading in developing countries". Archived from the original on 2015-02-10.
^ The African Storybook. "The African Storybook". The African Storybook. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2013-12-17. Retrieved 2015-02-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Walton, Marion: Mobile Literacy & South African Teens: Leisure reading, writing, and MXit chatting for teens in Langa and Guguletu (December 2009) (Retrieved 2.8.2015)
^ Walton, M., & Donner, J. Public access, private mobile: The interplay of shared access and the mobile Internet for teenagers in Cape Town. Global Impact Study Research Report Series., 1–69. (2012). (Retrieved 2.8.2015)
^ Walton, Marion; Hassreiter, Silke; Marsden, Gary; Allen, Sena (May 18, 2012). "Degrees of Sharing: Proximate Media Sharing and Messaging by Young People in Khayelitsha". University of Cape Town – via pubs.cs.uct.ac.za.
^ Donner, Jonathan; Gitau, Shikoh; Marsden, Gary (April 8, 2011). "Exploring Mobile-only Internet Use: Results of a Training Study in Urban South Africa". International Journal of Communication. 5: 24 – via ijoc.org.
^ "...the pilot phase of the project a mobile novel (m-novel) was written and published in September 2009 on a mobisite and on MXit". (Retrieved 8.2.2015)
^ "Nearly two-thirds (65%) of households in 23 countries in sub-Saharan Africa had at least one mobile phone in 2013, with median growth of 27% since 2008 and median annual growth of 5%." (Retrieved 8.2.2015)
^ "Where is Africa on the Internet?". Archived from the original on 2015-02-15. Retrieved 2015-02-08. "There are more Wikipedia articles written about Antarctica than all but one of the 54 countries in Africa." (Retrieved 8.2.2015)
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2016-03-25. Retrieved 2015-02-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Research ICT Africa Policy Brief No 2: Internet going mobile - Internet access and usage in 11 African countries (Sept. 2012) (retrieved 8.2.2015)

Literature

[1] Pegrum, Mark (2014). "Teaching Literacy/Ies with Mobile Devices". Mobile Learning. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 157–187. doi:10.1057/9781137309815_6. ISBN 978-1-137-30981-5.

[2] "Reading in the mobile era: a study of mobile reading in developing countries". Archived from the original on 2015-02-10.

[3] The African Storybook. "The African Storybook". The African Storybook. Retrieved 27 April 2015.

[4] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2013-12-17. Retrieved 2015-02-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Walton, Marion: Mobile Literacy & South African Teens: Leisure reading, writing, and MXit chatting for teens in Langa and Guguletu (December 2009) (Retrieved 2.8.2015)

[5] Walton, M., & Donner, J. Public access, private mobile: The interplay of shared access and the mobile Internet for teenagers in Cape Town. Global Impact Study Research Report Series., 1–69. (2012). (Retrieved 2.8.2015)

[6] Walton, Marion; Hassreiter, Silke; Marsden, Gary; Allen, Sena (May 18, 2012). "Degrees of Sharing: Proximate Media Sharing and Messaging by Young People in Khayelitsha". University of Cape Town – via pubs.cs.uct.ac.za.

[7] Donner, Jonathan; Gitau, Shikoh; Marsden, Gary (April 8, 2011). "Exploring Mobile-only Internet Use: Results of a Training Study in Urban South Africa". International Journal of Communication. 5: 24 – via ijoc.org.

[8] "...the pilot phase of the project a mobile novel (m-novel) was written and published in September 2009 on a mobisite and on MXit". (Retrieved 8.2.2015)

[9] "Nearly two-thirds (65%) of households in 23 countries in sub-Saharan Africa had at least one mobile phone in 2013, with median growth of 27% since 2008 and median annual growth of 5%." (Retrieved 8.2.2015)

[10] "Where is Africa on the Internet?". Archived from the original on 2015-02-15. Retrieved 2015-02-08. "There are more Wikipedia articles written about Antarctica than all but one of the 54 countries in Africa." (Retrieved 8.2.2015)

[11] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2016-03-25. Retrieved 2015-02-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Research ICT Africa Policy Brief No 2: Internet going mobile - Internet access and usage in 11 African countries (Sept. 2012) (retrieved 8.2.2015)

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