Wildenstein & Company, a private art dealership, was founded in Paris by Nathan Wildenstein in the mid-19th century and run by his family ever since.[1] The Wildenstein Institute, established by Nathan's son Georges, maintains one of the largest art history reference libraries in the world.
History
editThe Wildenstein Gallery, which became Wildenstein & Company, was founded in Paris during the 1870s by the Alsatian Jewish entrepreneur Nathan Wildenstein, bringing together 18th- and 19th-century French paintings, sculptures, and drawings, and older works by Italian, Dutch, Flemish, and Spanish masters.[2] By the turn of the century, the gallery was one of the most prominent in the French capital. Nevertheless, Wildenstein considered the emerging North American market to be more promising. He partnered with the art dealers Ernest and René Gimpel, with whom he opened Gimpel & Wildenstein in New York in 1903.[3] Thirty years later, the gallery moved from Fifth Avenue to a building commissioned by architect Horace Trumbauer.[4] In 1925, the gallery opened a branch in London and, in 1929, another in Buenos Aires.[5]
With Nathan's death in 1934, his son, Georges Wildenstein, took over the gallery. Georges directed the Gazette des Beaux-Arts and published numerous works related to 19th-century French art.[6] He was posthumously honored by giving his name to the São Paulo Museum of Art's pinacoteca, to whom he passed on numerous works under special payment conditions.[7] Daniel Wildenstein took over the direction of the gallery after the death of his father in 1963, specializing in Impressionist painting and writing catalogues raisonées and reference works. He was also editor of the Gazette des Beaux-Arts and a member of the Institut de France. He opened a Wildenstein branch in Tokyo.
In 1993, Daniel established a joint venture with the Pace Gallery, one of the leading art galleries focusing on contemporary American production, creating PaceWildenstein. However, as collecting became more specialized, the concept of "one-stop shopping" for high-end art buyers became less sustainable. The two galleries separated back to their original names in 2010. Pace chairman Arne Glimcher and Wildenstein both stated that the split was "amicable".[8]
In 1995, Puerto Rican journalist Hector Feliciano published The Lost Museum: The Nazi Conspiracy to Steal the World's Greatest Works of Art, accusing the gallery's former director Georges Wildenstein of receiving and reselling works looted during the Nazi occupation of France.[9][10] In 2001, Wildenstein was formally accused of selling eight manuscripts from the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries that would not have belonged to the gallery but to a Jewish collector.[11]
Works sold
editThroughout the 20th century, Wildenstein became one of the largest and most successful art galleries in the world, selling or reselling a large number of universal masterpieces to museums, institutions and private collectors in the United States, Europe, Japan and South America. Wildenstein clients include Calouste Gulbenkian, Edmond de Rothschild, John Pierpont Morgan, Assis Chateaubriand, Henry Ford II, Jean Paul Getty, and Emil Georg Bührle[12] among others. [13] Below is a selection of masterpieces marketed by Wildenstein.[14]
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Raphael - Madonna and Child, c.1503. Norton Simon Museum. -
Georges de La Tour - The Fortune-Teller, 1633-1639. Metropolitan Museum of Art. -
François Boucher - Portrait of Madame Pompadour, 1756. Alte Pinakothek. -
Francisco de Goya - Portrait of Don Juan Antonio Llorente, 1809-1813. Museu de Arte de São Paulo (gift of Antonio Sanches Galdeano). -
Jacques-Louis David - Portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte, 1812. National Gallery of Art. -
Paul Cézanne - Les grandes baigneuses, c. 1906. Philadelphia Museum of Art. -
Gustave Caillebotte - La Place de l'Europe, 1877. Chicago Art Institute. -
Van Gogh - Entrance to the Public Park in Arles, 1888. Phillips Collection. -
Claude Monet - The Valley of the Creuse, Sunset, 1889. Unterlinden Museum.
Lawsuits
editIn 2011 Wildenstein & Co was the defendant in several lawsuits filed by families who said that Wildenstein held artworks that had been stolen from them. Some of the works had reportedly been stolen from Jewish families by Nazis.[15]
In 2019 Wildenstein was sued for allegedly having sold a fake Bonnard in 1985.[16]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "History | Wildenstein & Co". www.wildenstein.com. Archived from the original on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
- ^ "Archives Directory for the History of Collecting". research.frick.org. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
Nathan Wildenstein founded Wildenstein & Cie in 1875, and specialized in French paintings, drawings and sculpture of the 18th century. In 1903, Nathan, Ernest and René Gimpel opened E. Gimpel & Wildenstein in New York City (1903-1933). The gallery became Wildenstein & Company in 1933.
- ^ "Archives Directory for the History of Collecting". research.frick.org. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
- ^ "About the gallery". 2011-07-18. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
- ^ "Billionaire family feud may unveil hidden Masters". the Guardian. 2005-06-12. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
- ^ "Wildenstein, Georges Dictionary of Art Historians".
- ^ "Nelson A. Rockefeller and Art Patronage in Brazil after World War II: Assis Chateaubriand, the Museu de Arte de São Paulo (MASP) and the Musee de Arte Moderna (MAM)" (PDF).
- ^ Vogel, Carol (2010-04-01). "Powerhouse Gallery Is Splitting Apart". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
- ^ Noce, Vincent. "Une trouble histoire de l'art.L'historien Feliciano accuse le marchand Wildenstein de collaboration". Libération (in French). Retrieved 2022-01-24.
- ^ Riding, Alan (1999-05-10). "Art Dealers Combat Rumors of Nazi Links". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2015-05-27. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
- ^ Riding, Alan (1997-09-03). "Collector's Family Tries to Illuminate the Past of Manuscripts in France". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
- ^ "The Source · Auguste Renoir · Stiftung Sammlung E.G. Bührle". www.buehrle.ch. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
- ^ "About the gallery". 2011-07-18. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
- ^ "Wildenstein Important Museum Sales". 2011-07-18. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
- ^ Carvajal, Doreen; Vogel, Carol (2011-04-19). "Venerable Art Dealer Is Enmeshed in Lawsuits". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2011-04-24. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
Mr. Wildenstein, who holds dual French and American citizenship, is enmeshed in at least a half-dozen lawsuits; some, provoked by the raid, are being brought by heirs who claim the artwork was stolen from their families.
- ^ "Wildenstein & Co sued for the 1985 sale of an alleged fake Bonnard painting". The Art Newspaper - International art news and events. 2019-05-09. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
Bibliography
edit- Bardi, Pietro Maria (1992). História do MASP. Instituto Quadrante.