The Wildlands Network (formerly known as “Wildlands Project") was created in 1991 to stem the tide of species extinctions that was being recorded across North America. Evidence that such extinctions were often exacerbated by a lack of habitat connectivity between existing protected areas[1][non-primary source needed] resulted in the organization’s adoption of a primary mission focused on scientific and strategic support for creation of “networks of people protecting networks of connected wildlands.”
 | |
| Founded | 1991 |
|---|---|
| Founder | Michael E. Soulé, David Foreman, Douglas Tompkins |
| Type | Non-governmental organization |
| Focus | Environmentalism |
| Location |
|
Area served | North America |
| Method | Conservation, conservation biology research |
Key people |
|
| Website | http://www.wildlandsnetwork.org/ |
Formerly called | North American Wilderness Recovery Strategy, Wildlands Project |
History
editDr. Michael E. Soulé, a conservation biologist who wanted to merge science with action.[2] In 1991, Soulé co-founded the North American Wilderness Recovery Strategy with radical environmentalist David Foreman, and wildlands philanthropist Douglas Tompkins.[3][2] The name would later become simplified to the Wildlands Project, now known as Wildlands Network.
One early goal was the conservation of habitat and the creation and maintenance of migration corridors for wildlife, primarily focused on North America.[3] Since its founding, Wildlands Network has worked to simplify conservation terms in order for the public to understand them and helped universalize the language for conservation planning. The Wildlands Network has helped inspire many other conservation organizations across the world.
Priorities and campaigns
editAs a demonstration of where large landscape-scale habitat connectivity in North America was most needed, Wildlands Network identified four “Continental Wildways” traversing the Pacific and Atlantic coastlines, the Canadian Boreal Forest region, and the “Spine of the Continent” between Alaska and Mexico.[4][non-primary source needed]
Over the period of 2000-2006, Wildlands Network scientists and associated conservation organizations mapped six regional “Wildlands Network Designs”[5] (WNDs) within those corridors in the Rocky Mountain West and the Northern Appalachians. These conservation plans identified existing protected areas and proposed wildlife corridors that would connect them as pathways for wide-ranging (keystone) species in need of “room to roam.” The plans also described the various positive ecological impacts that these species had on other flora and fauna.[6]
In recent years, Wildlands Network moved from a focus on continued creation of WNDs to guiding implementation of the recommendations in the six existing plans. The organization developed a network of public and private individuals, groups, and agencies working in the regions covered by the WNDs to accomplish this goal. Initiatives currently focus on connecting habitat in the Western (Spine of Continent) and Eastern (Atlantic) Wildways.
Projects
editEastern Wildway
editThe proposed corridor, Eastern Wildway would connect the Adirondacks, the Great Smoky Mountains, the Appalachians (including the Northern Appalachian Corridor),[7][non-primary source needed] and the Everglades. It is made up of public lands, such as national parks and nature preserves.[8][non-primary source needed] In order to have the greatest impact on migrating wildlife and threatened ecosystems, key areas of importance have been identified in the proposed corridor, known as the “Essential 16”.[9][non-primary source needed] In 2015, the Eastern Wildway Network was formed in order to advance efforts in North America. Over 30 conservation leaders have partnered in order to aid the conservation efforts and introducing essential species back into the area, like wolves and cougars. The partnership serves to open more opportunities for the Eastern Wildway campaign to reach its goals.[10][non-primary source needed]
Western Wildway
editWestern Wildway, also known as the Spine of the Continent Initiative, this is a proposed 6,000 mile swath that will stretch from the Brooks Range in Alaska, down the Rockies through Canada and the United States, to the Sierra Madre Occidental in Mexico.[11][12][13]
Pacific Wildway
editThe Pacific Wildway proposal runs the length of the Pacific Coast from Baja, Mexico to where the Coast Range converges with the Rockies, where it connects to the Western Wildway.[14][non-primary source needed]
Boreal Wildway
editBoreal Wildway also known as the Canadian Boreal Initiative, this proposal would encompass most of the 1.2 billion acre North American Taiga biome in Canada.[15][16] This area is of particular importance due to its function as a carbon sink (with slower decomposition rates, the Boreal forest can sequester carbon more efficiently than its temperate and tropical counterparts, such as the Amazon Rainforest)[17] and its large swaths of unaltered landscapes from coast to coast.
Controversy
editSome of the science used for decision making within the Wildlands Network has been questioned, and termed, "lofty scientific ideals" since it could take 100 years to realize an outcome.[18]
One of the co-founders of Wildlands Network, David Foreman, has a history of anti-immigration, Nativism statements.[19]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Soulé, M., & Terborgh, J. (1999). Continental Conservation: Scientific foundations of regional reserve networks. Washington: Island Press.
- ^ a b "From daydreaming to reality: Wildlands Network's vision comes to fruition". Inside Ecology. 2018-02-09. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
- ^ a b McNulty, Jennifer. "Michael Soulé, father of conservation biology, dies at 84". UC Santa Cruz News. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
- ^ Foreman, D. (2004). Rewilding North America: A Vision for Conservation in the 21st Century. Washington: Island Press.
- ^ Foreman, D., et al (2000). Sky Islands Wildlands Network Conservation Plan. Tucson: Wildlands Project; Foreman, D., et al (2003). New Mexico Highlands Wildlands Network Vision. Albuquerque: Wildlands Project; Miller, B., Foreman, D., et al (2003). Southern Rockies Wildlands Network Vision. Denver: Southern Rockies Ecosystem Project/Wildlands Project; Jones, A., Catlin, J. et al (2004). Heart of the West Conservation Plan. Salt Lake City: Wild Utah Project; Burke, K., Crumbo, K., et al (2006). Grand Canyon Wildlands Network Vision. Flagstaff: Grand Canyon Wildlands Council; Reining, C., Beazley, K., et al (2006). From the Adirondacks to Acadia: A Wildlands Network Design for the Greater Northern Appalachians. Richmond: Wildlands Project.
- ^ Terborgh, J., & Estes, J. (2010). Trophic Cascades: Predators, Prey, and the Changing Dynamics of Nature. Washington: Island Press.
- ^ "Northern Appalachians Corridor | Wildlands Network". www.wildlandsnetwork.org. Retrieved 2016-02-05.
- ^ "Eastern Wildway© | Wildlands Network". www.wildlandsnetwork.org. Retrieved 2016-02-05.
- ^ "The Eastern Wildway Essential 16 | Wildlands Network". www.wildlandsnetwork.org. Retrieved 2016-02-05.
- ^ "Eastern Wildway". Retrieved 2017-11-20.
- ^ "Western Wildway". westernwildway.org. Retrieved 2016-02-05.
- ^ "Western Wildway© | Wildlands Network". www.wildlandsnetwork.org. Retrieved 2016-02-05.
- ^ Hiss, Tony. "Can the World Really Set Aside Half of the Planet for Wildlife?". Smithsonian. Retrieved 2016-02-05.
- ^ "Pacific Wildway© | Wildlands Network". www.wildlandsnetwork.org. Retrieved 2016-02-05.
- ^ "Boreal Wildway© | Wildlands Network". www.wildlandsnetwork.org. Retrieved 2016-02-05.
- ^ "International Boreal Conservation Campaign - Pew Trusts". www.pewtrusts.org. Retrieved 2016-02-05.
- ^ Ruckstuhl, K.E; Johnson, E.A; Miyanishi, K (2008-07-12). "Introduction. The boreal forest and global change". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 363 (1501): 2245–2249. doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2196. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 2387060. PMID 18006417.
- ^ Hanscom, Greg (1999-04-26). "Visionaries or dreamers?". High County News. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
- ^ Feeley, Lynne. "Earth First? On "The Ecocentrists" and Pregnancy in the Anthropocene". Los Angeles Review of Books. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
But it was the outwardly xenophobic, racist, and homophobic comments by some members of Earth First! that led the "social ecologist" Murray Bookchin to label the group's members as "social reactionaries." In 1986, Earth First! founder Dave Foreman said in an interview that the United States should not give aid to the starving people of Ethiopia but, rather, "let nature seek its own balance," and he argued against immigration because it put "more pressure on the resources" of the United States. (Edward Abbey agreed with this position on immigration.) And in a 1987 issue of Earth First! Journal, Christopher Manes, writing under the pseudonym Miss Ann Thropy, wrote that the AIDS epidemic might solve the problem of overpopulation.