William Albert Hugh Rushton FRS[1] (8 December 1901 – 21 June 1980) was professor of Physiology at Trinity College, Cambridge. His main interest lay in colour vision and his Principle of Univariance is of seminal importance in the study of perception.[2]
W. A. H. Rushton | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 8 December 1901 |
| Died | 21 June 1980 (aged 78) |
| Occupation(s) | Physiologist, psychical researcher |
Education
editRushton was educated at Gresham's School, Holt, and the University of Cambridge. A student at Pembroke College, he later held a fellowship at Emmanuel before obtaining a fellowship at Trinity. He was a keen musician, playing violin and viola, and later bassoon; he also composed a few pieces, and had some instruction from Gustav Holst. In 1930 he married Marjorie Kendrick, an oboist; their house was accordingly called 'Shawms'.
Principle of Univariance
editIn his lecture "Pigments and signals in colour vision"[3] he stated it thus: "The output of a receptor depends upon its quantum catch, but not upon what quanta are caught."
This means that one and the same visual receptor cell can be excited by different combinations of wavelength and intensity, so that the brain can not know the colour of that point of the retinal picture.
Psychical research
editRushton held an interest in parapsychology. From 1969 to 1971 he was the President of the Society for Psychical Research.[4]
He was known for suggesting natural explanations for alleged paranormal phenomena. He revealed how the device of Ted Serios known as a "gizmo" could have been utilized to produce fraudulent psychic photographs.[4] He suggested that it was light that formed the photographs from a luminous picture placed in front of the camera lens hidden in the gizmo. Rushton successfully replicated the Serios phenomenon by holding a little reflecting prism that contained a microfilm picture against the camera lens.[5]
Honours
edit- 1931 Beit Memorial Fellowship
- 1948 Fellow of the Royal Society[1]
- 1968 Foreign Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
- 1969 Honorary DSc of Case Western Reserve University
- 1970 Royal Medal of the Royal Society
References
edit- ^ a b Barlow, H. B. (1986). "William Rushton. 8 December 1901 – 21 June 1980". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 32: 422–426. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1986.0014. JSTOR 770119. PMID 11621257.
- ^ Anon (1982). "Obituary William Albert Hugh Rushton F.R.S". Vision Research. 22 (6): 611–621. doi:10.1016/0042-6989(82)90096-7. PMID 7051532. S2CID 53193115.
- ^ Rushton, W. A. (1972). "Pigments and signals in colour vision". The Journal of Physiology. 220 (3): 1P–P. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009719. PMC 1331666. PMID 4336741.
- ^ a b Haynes, Renée (1982). The Society for Psychical Research 1882–1982: A History. London: MacDonald & Co. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-356-07875-5.
- ^ Sladek, John Thomas (1974). The New Apocrypha: A Guide to Strange Science and Occult Beliefs. Stein and Day. pp. 223–224. ISBN 978-0-8128-1712-6.
External links
edit- I Will Plant Me a Tree: an Illustrated History of Gresham's School by S.G.G. Benson and Dr Martin Crossley Evans (James & James, London, 2002) ISBN 978-0-907383-92-5
- W. A. H. Rushton at Find a Grave