William Atherton (January 10, 1793 – September 11, 1863) was an American soldier, rifleman and veteran of the War of 1812 from Shelbyville, Kentucky.[1] He was a private in Captain John Simpson's company [2] of the 1st Rifle Regiment.[3][4] He served under William Henry Harrison. Atherton wrote a journal that detailed his war service within the Kentucky militia, including their defeat and subsequent massacre at River Raisin by opposing forces,[5][6][7][8][9] and his subsequent capture and imprisonment.[10]
William Atherton | |
|---|---|
| Born | January 10, 1793 |
| Died | September 11, 1863 (aged 70) |
| Buried | Greencastle City Cemetery, Greencastle, Indiana, U.S. |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Service |  United States Army |
| Rank | Private |
| Unit | 1st Regiment of Riflemen |
| Battles / wars | War of 1812 • Battle of River Raisin |
| Spouse(s) | Mary "Polly" Lyons |
Battle of Frenchtown
editAtherton was one of the 25,010 Kentuckians who served in war fighting against both the British and their Native Americans allies. This represented about five out of every six men then of military age.[11]
Mustered at the age of seventeen, he was an eighteen year old soldier during the Battle of Frenchtown, which took place in Michigan during January 1813.[12] He described in his own postwar narrative the methods of fighting used by the enemy forces (retreat and fire on advancing on American forces), which ultimately gave the opposing forces superiority on the battlefield.[13]
His subsequent experiences being held captive by the Potawatomi, a Native American tribe, followed by internment in Quebec, is taught today at schools in the United States.[14] His journal includes his personal observations of many Native American customs. When describing his months of captivity, he found the British officers much more savage than their native allies.[15]
In contrast to John O'Fallon, who less than three months after Frenchtown was at Fort Meigs, as Harrison's acting assistant adjutant general, Atherton was held prisoner until June 1814, when he was released in a prisoner exchange.[16]
His narrative provides a rare common soldier's perspective of the War of 1812, and as such his account, is considered to be a critical source for studying the conflict. It also gives a gruesome testimony to how adept the opposing forces were at bush fighting.[17] Atherton stated:
"the fight now became very close, and extremely hot ... I received a wound in my right shoulder"
Personal
editAtherton was born in what had been one year prior to his birth known as Kentucky County, Virginia. His parents being early settlers. He described himself as being born in Virginia.
He returned to Shelby County, Kentucky after the war of 1812 and became a farmer. He married Mary "Polly" Lyons and moved to Greencastle, Indiana prior to 1850.
Atherton eventually became an ordained minister and was known as Reverend William Atherton, a Methodist minister.[19] In 1842, he reluctantly published his account[20] of the suffering & defeat of the North-Western Army, under General James Winchester,[21] the massacre of the U.S. prisoners and his own sixteen months imprisonment, with the following goal:
"I think it is proper that the rising generation should know what their fathers suffered, and how they acted in the hour of danger; that they sustained the double character of "Americans and Kentuckians"
In 1890, historians described accurate how Atherton described the hardships that both he and others endured.[22]
Death and legacy
editAtherton died on September 11, 1863 . He is buried at Greencastle City Cemetery in Greencastle, Indiana.
Atherton's account has frequently been referenced in secondary histories of the war, notably in Pierre Berton's popular histories "The Invasion of Canada and Flames Across the Border".[23]
Atherton's story has commonly been featured in museum exhibits and in documentaries on the War of 1812, including PBS's "The War of 1812" (2011).[24]
The American public broadcaster PBS,[25] reviewed Atherton's narrative [26] as follows:
"The substantial first-person record of the war comes primarily from the educated classes – officers and their wives. Two exceptions to this are the excellent memoirs written by of the British foot soldier, Shadrach Byfield, and the American militiaman, William Atherton. Their experiences encompass the full experience of war – battles, injuries, imprisonment and aftermath"
An audio recording of his historical narrative has been produced, Read by James E. Carson.[27]
Biography
edit- Narrative of the suffering & defeat of the north-western army, under General Winchester: massacre of the prisoners: sixteen months imprisonment [28] of the writer and others with the Indians and British by William Atherton. Printed for the author by A. G. Hodges, of Frankfort, KY in 1842.[29][30][31]
- "The Men Were Sick of the Place" : Soldier Illness and Environment in the War of 1812. Miller, Joseph R.University of Maine.[32]
- Herrera, R. (2013). TOWARD AN AMERICAN ARMY: U.S. SOLDIERS, THE WAR OF 1812, AND NATIONAL IDENTITY. Army History, (88), 42–57. Retrieved October 5, 2020,[33]
See also
edit- Battle of Frenchtown
- Shadrack Byfield, a British foot soldier's own account of the Battle of Frenchtown.
External links
editReferences
edit- ^ "W Atherton - 1 Rifle (Allen's), Kentucky Volunteers".
- ^ Kentucky Adjutant-General's Office (1969). Kentucky Soldiers of the War of 1812 - With an Added Index. Genealogical Publishing Com. ISBN 9780806302003.
- ^ "River Raising Battlefield Organization. Reference to W Atherton's rank and regiment".
- ^ "War of 1818. Pension and Bounty".
- ^ "Canada Channel's War of 1812 Online portal - William Atherton - American Soldier".
- ^ Atherton, William (1842). "Narrative of the suffering and defeat of the North-Western Army, under General Winchester: massacre of the prisoners: sixteen months imprisonment of the writer and others with the Indians and British". Hodges, A.G.
- ^ Stone, Richard G. (11 July 2014). A Brittle Sword: The Kentucky Militia, 1776-1912. University Press of Kentucky. p. 59. ISBN 9780813150253.
- ^ Trübner, Nicolas, ed. (1859). "Trübner's Bibliographical Guide to American Literature: A Complete List of the last forty years". p. 266.
- ^ Winsor, Justin, ed. (1888). "Narrative and Critical History of America: By a Corps of Eminent Historical". p. 431.
- ^ Hickey, Donald R.; Clark, Connie D., eds. (2016). The Routledge Handbook of the War of 1812. Routledge. ISBN 9781317701989.
- ^ Quisenberry, A.C. (1912). "Kentucky Troops in the War of 1812". The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society. 10 (30). Kentucky Historical Society. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
- ^ Various (4 April 2013). The War of 1812: Writings from America's Second War of Independence. Library of America. ISBN 9781598532647.
- ^ War of 1812:A History From Beginning to End. Hourly History. 27 March 2018. ISBN 9781986896726.
- ^ "Educational Material relating to the story of William Atherton" (PDF).
- ^ "Indiana University Factsheet: PERSONAL ACCOUNT OF A PRISONER OF WAR by William Atherton".
- ^ Morris, Larry E. (2018). In the Wake of Lewis and Clark: The Expedition and the Making of Antebellum. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 198. ISBN 9781442266117.
- ^ Henderson, Robert. "The American Attack at Frenchtown on the River Raisin, January 18, 1813". The War of 1812 Website. Retrieved October 4, 2020.
- ^ "War of 1816 - extracts from Atherton's narrative describing the battle".
- ^ "National Park Services - River Raisin National Battlefield Park" (PDF). p. 61.
- ^ "Canada Channel - War of 1812 - William Atherton is listed amongst the key American Documents".
- ^ Atherton, William (1842). "Narrative of the suffering and defeat of the North-Western Army, under General Winchester: massacre of the prisoners: sixteen months imprisonment of the writer and others with the Indians and British". Hodges, A.G.
- ^ Connelly, Emma Mary (1890). "The Story of Kentucky". p. 334.
- ^ Berton, Pierre Francis de Marigny (November 2011). Pierre Berton's War of 1812. Doubleday Canada. ISBN 9780385676502.
- ^ "Doc battles ignorance on War of 1812". Toronto Star. 6 October 2011.
- ^ "PBS describe Atherton in their documentary as a sharpshooter from Kentucky". PBS.
- ^ "PBS review of Atherton narrative". PBS.
- ^ Atherton, William (29 April 2013). "Recording of Narrative of the Suffering and Defeat of the North-Western Army, Under General Winchester".
- ^ "PBS re-enactor, William White, portrayed William Atherton during Atherton's imprisonment in Quebec". PBS.
- ^ Atherton, William (1842). "Narrative of the suffering and defeat of the North-Western Army, under General Winchester: massacre of the prisoners: sixteen months imprisonment of the writer and others with the Indians and British". Hodges, A.G.
- ^ Atherton, William (1842). "Narrative of the suffering and defeat of the North-Western Army, under General Winchester: massacre of the prisoners: sixteen months imprisonment of the writer and others with the Indians and British". Hodges, A.G.
- ^ Open Library of William Atherton's real life narrative of the War of 1812. Printed for the author by A.G. Hodges. 1842. OL 23321133M.
- ^ Miller, Joseph R. (2020). "The Men Were Sick of the Place" : Soldier Illness and Environment in the War of 1812".
- ^ Ricardo A. Herrera (Summer 2013). "Toward an American Army: U.S. soldiers, the war of 1812, and national identity". Army History (88): 42–57. JSTOR 26376099.