Henderson (Māori: Ōpanuku) is a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. It is 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) west of Auckland city centre, and two kilometres (1.2 mi) west of the Whau River, a southwestern arm of the Waitematā Harbour.
Henderson | |
|---|---|
.jpg) The old Henderson railway station with WestCity Waitakere in the background | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 36°52′52″S 174°37′52″E / 36.8811°S 174.6312°E | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| City | Auckland |
| Local authority | Auckland Council |
| Electoral ward | Waitākere ward |
| Local board | Henderson-Massey |
| Established | 1844 |
| Area | |
| • Land | 6.65 ha (16.43 acres) |
| Population (June 2024)[2] | |
• Total | 18,770 |
| Train stations | Henderson Railway Station Sturges Road Railway Station |
| Hospitals | Waitakere Hospital |
| Rānui | Lincoln | Te Atatū South |
| Western Heights |
  Henderson  |
Te Atatū South |
| McLaren Park | Sunnyvale | Glendene |
Henderson initially developed around the mill of Thomas Henderson and was known as Henderson's Mill. As it expanded it became known as just Henderson and later it became an independent borough. As part of the 1989 local government reforms it became the centre of Waitakere City until Waitakere City was amalgamated to form the new Auckland Council.
Geography
editHenderson is located between the Waitākere Ranges to the west, and the Te Atatū Peninsula in the east. The area is within the catchment of Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek, an estuarial arm of the Waitematā Harbour. The Opanuku, Oratia, Swanson, Momutu and Paremuka streams meet at Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek, to the north of Henderson.
Between 3 and 5 million years ago, tectonic forces uplifted the Waitākere Ranges and central Auckland, while subsiding the Manukau and inner Waitematā harbours.[3] The land at Henderson is formed from Waitemata Group sandstone, which was previously found at the bottom of a deep sedimentary basin.[4] Land close to Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek and the Waitematā Harbour are formed from rhyolitic clays and peat, formed from eroding soil and interactions with the harbour.[4] Prior to human contact, the Henderson area was home to broadleaf forests, dominated by pūriri, karaka, kohekohe and māhoe trees.[5] The alluvial creek/harbour zone was favoured by kahikatea, pukatea and rātā, with tī kōuka (cabbage trees) flourishing in wetter sites.[5]
Climate
edit| Climate data for Henderson North (7m, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1985–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 31.8 (89.2) |
34.0 (93.2) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.4 (84.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.5 (76.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
25.5 (77.9) |
27.0 (80.6) |
26.0 (78.8) |
28.4 (83.1) |
30.8 (87.4) |
34.0 (93.2) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 29.3 (84.7) |
29.3 (84.7) |
27.8 (82.0) |
25.9 (78.6) |
22.4 (72.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
19.6 (67.3) |
21.4 (70.5) |
23.5 (74.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
27.8 (82.0) |
30.1 (86.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25.5 (77.9) |
25.9 (78.6) |
24.2 (75.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
18.7 (65.7) |
16.2 (61.2) |
15.5 (59.9) |
16.3 (61.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
19.4 (66.9) |
21.3 (70.3) |
23.5 (74.3) |
20.5 (68.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 19.9 (67.8) |
20.3 (68.5) |
18.6 (65.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
13.8 (56.8) |
11.5 (52.7) |
10.6 (51.1) |
11.3 (52.3) |
12.9 (55.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
16.2 (61.2) |
18.5 (65.3) |
15.4 (59.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.4 (57.9) |
14.8 (58.6) |
13.0 (55.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
8.9 (48.0) |
6.8 (44.2) |
5.6 (42.1) |
6.3 (43.3) |
7.9 (46.2) |
9.6 (49.3) |
11.2 (52.2) |
13.4 (56.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | 8.8 (47.8) |
9.5 (49.1) |
7.4 (45.3) |
4.3 (39.7) |
1.9 (35.4) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
0.0 (32.0) |
1.3 (34.3) |
3.5 (38.3) |
5.2 (41.4) |
7.6 (45.7) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
4.9 (40.8) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
0.2 (32.4) |
2.5 (36.5) |
4.4 (39.9) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 70.7 (2.78) |
74.1 (2.92) |
90.7 (3.57) |
110.4 (4.35) |
140.3 (5.52) |
158.5 (6.24) |
178.3 (7.02) |
151.5 (5.96) |
133.0 (5.24) |
103.8 (4.09) |
88.7 (3.49) |
99.4 (3.91) |
1,399.4 (55.09) |
| Source: NIWA [6][7][8] | |||||||||||||
History
editHenderson is in the traditional rohe of Te Kawerau ā Maki,[9][10] and the name Ōpanuku refers to the Opanuku Stream, traditionally known as Te Wai-ō-Panuku ("The Stream of Panuku"), Panuku being the name of one of the earliest Te Kawerau ā Maki ancestors.[10] The lower Opanuku Stream area was called Waitaro, referring to the taro cultivations grown there.[10]
The point where the Opanuku and Oratia Streams meet (the Tui Glen Reserve / Falls Park area) is the beginning of Te Wai-o-Pareira, also known as the Henderson Creek, and the point where the creek became navigable by waka.[10] This point was strategically important to Te Kawerau ā Maki, and was the location of a small fortified pā known as Te Kōpua.[10] Kōpūpāka was the name of a kāinga close to Te Kōpua, which was used as a temporary settlement by Ngāti Whātua during the Musket Wars in the 1820s, during a brief lull in conflict.[11] After the Musket Wars, Te Kawerau ā Maki returned to the area in the 1830s, and most members chose to settle close to a defensive pā at Te Henga / Bethells Beach.[12]
Henderson is named after early colonial settler Thomas Henderson, a Scottish immigrant who purchased land from Ngati Whatua in 1844 and established a timber mill on the banks of Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek ca. 1847 to process the logs of kauri trees which were cut from the Henderson Valley and further upstream, from the eastern flanks of the Waitākere Ranges.[13] The community which developed around the mill was known as Henderson's Mill, and later the Henderson's Mill Settlement.[14] The first European settlers in the community were mill workers, who were joined gum diggers, farm workers and brick makers.[15] In 1855, George Pirrit and his son William Pirrit bought land at Henderson adjacent to the Oratia Stream, which they dammed in order to operate a water turbine, manufacturing iron heel and toe plates for boots.[16] In the following year, a hotel was opened on the town's main street.[15]
The mill closed in the latter 1860s,[17] and in 1875 the area was hit by a major flood, damaging crops and bridges near the settlement.[18] The area became more prosperous in the 1880s, after the North Auckland Railway opened between Auckland and Helensville.[19] When the Henderson railway station was opened, the name was displayed as Henderson Mill, with the possessive dropped. Overtime, goods to the area sent by rail began adopting this name, and eventually the settlement was referred to as Henderson.[20] In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Henderson was the location of a number of brick and pottery yards adjacent to Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek. The major brick industries in West Auckland were located to the south, along the Whau River.[21] In 1896, a community hall was built at Henderson, hosting concerts for the West Auckland area.[22] This was destroyed by fire in 1924, and rebuilt in brick.[23]
In 1907, Lebanese New Zealander Assid Abraham Corban developed a vineyard at Henderson.[24] After the sale of alcohol was prohibited in Henderson during the temperance movement, Corban set up a depot at the border of the prohibition area on the eastern side of the railway tracks, in order to sell his projects.[24]
By the 1920s, the Lincoln Road, Swanson Road and Sturgess Road areas had developed into orchards run primarily by Dalmatian families who immigrated to New Zealand, including the included Bilich (later White), Babich, Boric, Yelavich and Fredatovich families.[25] During this time, the Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek at Tui Glen Reserve had become a popular waterway for leisure and a site for pleasure boating.[26] The first modern brick block of shops were built in the area in 1932.[27] In the early 1930s, a kauri gum refinery was constructed on Station Road, however this closed down in 1936 after a market slump.[28]
Amenities and attractions
editHenderson features a large shopping centre, WestCity Waitakere, with numerous other shops and large stores also located in the area. The West Wave Pool and Leisure Centre, owned by the Auckland Council, was built to host the Aquatics at the 1990 Commonwealth Games.
The Corban's Wine Estate and Corban Estate Arts Centre are both located in Henderson. The annual InterACT Disability Arts Festival is held at the gallery.[29][30][31] At the northern end of Henderson, near the Lincoln Road motorway interchange, the Toroa, a historic ferry under restoration, is a well-known local landmark.
The Trusts Stadium attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors a year, hosting a range of events, including concerts, sporting events and community gatherings.[32] The Trusts Stadium was completed in August 2004 and was opened by then Prime Minister Helen Clark the following month. It cost $28 million to complete but opened debt-free, with The Trusts providing $5 million, Waitakere City Council contributing $12.5 million and ASB Charitable Trusts providing $4.5 million.[33]
Falls Hotel is a historic hotel located in Falls Park along Alderman Drive. It currently hosts a café and restaurant.[34][35]
Demographics
editHenderson covers 4.97 km2 (1.92 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 13,000 as of June 2024,[2] with a population density of 2,616 people per km2.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 7,029 | — |
| 2013 | 7,929 | +1.74% |
| 2018 | 8,706 | +1.89% |
| Source: [36] | ||
Before the 2023 census, the suburb had a smaller boundary, covering 4.36 km2 (1.68 sq mi).[1] Using that boundary, Henderson had a population of 8,706 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 777 people (9.8%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 1,677 people (23.9%) since the 2006 census. There were 2,892 households, comprising 4,179 males and 4,533 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.92 males per female, with 1,704 people (19.6%) aged under 15 years, 1,830 (21.0%) aged 15 to 29, 3,636 (41.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,542 (17.7%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 48.2% European/Pākehā, 15.3% Māori, 22.2% Pacific peoples, 26.8% Asian, and 3.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 40.2, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 37.0% had no religion, 44.6% were Christian, 1.2% had Māori religious beliefs, 4.3% were Hindu, 3.1% were Muslim, 1.4% were Buddhist and 1.9% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 1,272 (18.2%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 1,422 (20.3%) people had no formal qualifications. 666 people (9.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 3,234 (46.2%) people were employed full-time, 747 (10.7%) were part-time, and 333 (4.8%) were unemployed.[36]
| Name | Area (km2) | Population | Density (per km2) | Households | Median age | Median income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henderson Central | 2.02 | 1,260 | 624 | 558 | 51.4 years | $22,700[37] |
| Henderson Valley Park | 0.75 | 1,914 | 2,552 | 519 | 30.0 years | $29,500[38] |
| Henderson North East | 0.80 | 2,658 | 3,323 | 930 | 38.2 years | $25,300[39] |
| Henderson East | 0.79 | 2,874 | 3,638 | 885 | 34.7 years | $28,100[40] |
| New Zealand | 37.4 years | $31,800 |
Henderson North
editHenderson North covers 1.68 km2 (0.65 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 3,250 as of June 2024,[2] with a population density of 1,935 people per km2.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 3,060 | — |
| 2013 | 3,402 | +1.53% |
| 2018 | 3,771 | +2.08% |
| Source: [41] | ||
Before the 2023 census, Henderson North had a smaller boundary, covering 1.39 km2 (0.54 sq mi).[1] Using that boundary, Henderson North had a population of 3,771 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 369 people (10.8%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 711 people (23.2%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,173 households, comprising 1,833 males and 1,941 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.94 males per female. The median age was 34.9 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 732 people (19.4%) aged under 15 years, 834 (22.1%) aged 15 to 29, 1,758 (46.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 447 (11.9%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 43.2% European/Pākehā, 14.1% Māori, 19.4% Pacific peoples, 34.6% Asian, and 4.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 44.6, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 39.1% had no religion, 44.0% were Christian, 1.0% had Māori religious beliefs, 4.0% were Hindu, 2.1% were Muslim, 1.8% were Buddhist and 2.0% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 678 (22.3%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 525 (17.3%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $27,300, compared with $31,800 nationally. 321 people (10.6%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,461 (48.1%) people were employed full-time, 381 (12.5%) were part-time, and 159 (5.2%) were unemployed.[41]
Politics
editLocal government
editFrom 1876 until 1946, Henderson was administered by the Waitemata County, a large rural county north and west of the city of Auckland.[42] In 1946, the area split from the county, forming the Henderson Borough Council. In 1989, the borough was merged into the Waitakere City. Waitakere City Council was amalgamated into Auckland Council in November 2010.[43]
Within the Auckland Council, Henderson is a part of the Henderson-Massey local government area governed by the Henderson-Massey Local Board. It is a part of the Waitākere ward, which elects two councillors to the Auckland Council.
List of borough mayors
edit- 1946–1956 William Gibb Blacklock
- 1956–1965 Frederick George William Wilsher
- 1965–1974 Reginald Alfred Keeling
- 1974–1989 Assid Khaleel Corban
Member of Parliament
editThe Local Member of Parliament for Henderson is Phil Twyford, the MP for Te Atatū, who keeps an office in the suburb.
Education
editThe first school in Henderson began operating in 1873, held in the library of Henderson's Mill.[17]
Henderson High School is a secondary (years 9-13) school with a roll of 1056 students.[44] The high school was founded in 1953.[45] Waitākere College is a coeducational secondary (years 9–13) school with a roll of 1828 students.[46] It opened in 1975.[citation needed] Liston College and St Dominic's College are secondary (years 7–13) Catholic schools for boys and girls, respectively. They have rolls of 841 and 805 students.[47][48]
Henderson Intermediate is a coeducational intermediate (years 7–8) school with a roll of 746 students.[49] It opened in 1964.[50]
Henderson School and Henderson South School are contributing primary (years 1-6) schools with rolls of 225[51] and 281 students,[52] respectively. Henderson School was founded in 1873[53] and Henderson South School in 1967.[54] Henderson North School is a coeducational contributing primary (years 1–6) school with a roll of 393 students.[55] It celebrated its 50th jubilee in 2007.[56]
Holy Cross School, a Catholic primary school, is a full primary (years 1-8) school with a roll of 461 students.[57] It celebrated its 75th jubilee in 2007.[58]
Rolls are as at August 2024.[59]
Transport
editThe Western Line runs through the suburb, with Henderson Railway Station being adjacent to the town centre. Henderson Railway Station is adjacent to the main shopping centre and a bus interchange. The suburb is also served by the Sturges Road Railway Station. Motorway access is provided via the interchange at Lincoln Road, in the adjacent suburb of Lincoln. The main walkways and cycleways of the Project Twin Streams go through the suburb.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
- ^ a b c "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
- ^ Hayward 2009, pp. 13–14.
- ^ a b Hayward 2009, pp. 10–11.
- ^ a b "Native to the West: A Guide for Planting and Restoring the Nature of Waitakere City" (PDF). Waitakere City Council. April 2005. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
- ^ "Welcome to the Climate Database". NIWA. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
- ^ "CliFlo -The National Climate Database (Agent numbers: 1423, 12327, 22166)". NIWA. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ "Monthly climate summaries". NIWA. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
- ^ "Opanuku Stream" (PDF). Project Twin Streams. Auckland Council. 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
- ^ a b c d e Te Kawerau ā Maki; The Trustees of Te Kawerau Iwi Settlement Trust; The Crown (12 December 2013). "Deed of Settlement Schedule: Documents" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- ^ Paterson 2009, pp. 57.
- ^ "The Muddy Creeks Plan - a Local Area Plan for Parau, Laingholm, Woodlands Park and Waimā" (PDF). Auckland Council. 13 February 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ "Henderson Heritage Trail". Waitakere City Council. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2011.
- ^ Flude 2008, pp. 22.
- ^ a b Flude 2008, pp. 24.
- ^ Flude 2008, pp. 51.
- ^ a b Flude 2008, pp. 27.
- ^ Flude 2008, pp. 27, 34.
- ^ Flude 2008, pp. 36.
- ^ Flude 2008, pp. 37.
- ^ Diamond, John T. (1992). "The Brick and Pottery Industry in the Western Districts". In Northcote-Bade, James (ed.). West Auckland Remembers. Vol. 2. West Auckland Historical Society. p. 47. ISBN 0-473-01587-0.
- ^ Flude 2008, pp. 71.
- ^ Flude 2008, pp. 81–82.
- ^ a b Flude 2008, pp. 66.
- ^ Flude 2008, pp. 77, 79–80.
- ^ Flude 2008, pp. 82.
- ^ Flude 2008, pp. 93.
- ^ Hayward, Bruce W. (1989). Kauri Gum and the Gumdiggers. The Bush Press. p. 36. ISBN 0-908608-39-X.
- ^ "Corban Estate Arts Centre". Corban Estate Arts Centre.
- ^ "Silky smooth aerial moves - Life & Leisure - The Aucklander News". APN News & Media. 28 October 2011. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- ^ "InterACT Disability Arts Festival". gatherandhunt.co.nz. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013.
- ^ "The Trusts Arena | | Auckland, New Zealand". Thetrustsstadium.co.nz. Archived from the original on 15 June 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
- ^ "Waitakere City Athletic Club".
- ^ "Falls Hotel". Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ Key, Jean. "Falls Hotel" (PDF). Auckland Council. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Henderson Central (127500), Henderson Valley Park (127800), Henderson North East (127900) and Henderson East (128400).
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Henderson Central
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Henderson Valley Park
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Henderson North East
- ^ 2018 Census place summary: Henderson East
- ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Henderson North (126700). 2018 Census place summary: Henderson North
- ^ Reidy, Jade (2009). "How the West Was Run". In Macdonald, Finlay; Kerr, Ruth (eds.). West: The History of Waitakere. Random House. pp. 238–239. ISBN 9781869790080.
- ^ Blakeley, Roger (2015). "The planning framework for Auckland 'super city': an insider's view". Policy Quarterly. 11 (4). doi:10.26686/pq.v11i4.4572. ISSN 2324-1101.
- ^ Education Counts: Henderson High School
- ^ "School Information - History". Henderson High School. Archived from the original on 2 January 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Education Counts: Waitakere College
- ^ Education Counts: Liston College
- ^ Education Counts: St Dominic's College
- ^ Education Counts: Henderson Intermediate
- ^ "Henderson Intermediate receives upgraded infrastructure" (Press release). Henderson Intermediate. 15 August 2012.
- ^ Education Counts: Henderson School
- ^ Education Counts: Henderson South School
- ^ Hunt, Graeme (1978). Henderson Primary School: 125th Anniversary, 1873–1998. 125th Anniversary Organising Committee.
- ^ N.Z. Henderson South School (Henderson) (1992). Henderson South School 25th Jubilee, 1967-1992.
- ^ Education Counts: Henderson North School
- ^ "Henderson North School 50th Jubilee" (PDF). Henderson High School Newsletter. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 7 July 2009.
- ^ Education Counts: Holy Cross School
- ^ "Holy Cross School 75th Jubilee". Auckland Irish Society. Archived from the original on 4 January 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
Print references
edit- Flude, Anthony G. (2008). Henderson's Mill: a history of Henderson 1849-1939. West Auckland Historical Society. ISBN 9781877431210.
- Hayward, Bruce (2009). "Land, Sea and Sky". In Macdonald, Finlay; Kerr, Ruth (eds.). West: The History of Waitakere. Random House. pp. 7–22. ISBN 9781869790080.
- Paterson, Malcolm (2009). "Ko Ngā Kurī Purepure o Tāmaki, e Kore e Ngari i te Pō". In Macdonald, Finlay; Kerr, Ruth (eds.). West: The History of Waitakere. Random House. pp. 49–62. ISBN 9781869790080.
External links
edit- Photographs of Henderson held in Auckland Libraries' heritage collections.
