William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington
William John Robert Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington (10 December 1917 – 9 September 1944) was a British politician and British Army officer. He was the elder son of Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire, and therefore the heir to the dukedom. He was killed in action in the Second World War during fighting in the Low Countries in September 1944 whilst leading a company of the Coldstream Guards.
Marquess of Hartington | |
|---|---|
| Personal details | |
| Born | William John Robert Cavendish 10 December 1917 London, England |
| Died | 9 September 1944 (aged 26) Heppen, Belgium |
| Cause of death | Killed in action |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Spouse | |
| Parents | |
| Relatives | Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire (brother) |
| Alma mater | Trinity College, Cambridge |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service |  British Army |
| Rank | Major |
| Unit | Coldstream Guards, Guards Armoured Division |
| Battles/wars | Second World War |
Early life
editLord Hartington was born on 10 December 1917 in London, England.[1] He was the elder son of Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire, and his wife, Lady Mary Gascoyne-Cecil. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge.[1]
He was a member of the Conservative Party, and was selected as the official candidate of the Wartime Coalition for the West Derbyshire by-election on 18 February 1944, in the constituency local to Chatsworth. He was faced by Charles Frederick White, Jr., who resigned from the Labour Party to run as an Independent candidate, evading the Wartime Coalition's ban on partisan campaigning. West Derbyshire had been held by Conservatives since 1923 (Hartington's father and then his uncle by marriage). In a contentious campaign, White solidly defeated Hartington with 57.7% of the vote to 41.5%.[2]
Second World War and death
editHe received a commission as an officer into the British Army's Coldstream Guards regiment during the Second World War. In August 1944, during the liberation of Europe in the West from Nazi Germany, Hartington's unit, the 5th Battalion Coldstream Guards, as a part of the Guards Armoured Division, was engaged in heavy fighting in France. In early September 1944, it crossed the River Somme and pushed Eastward towards Brussels, where it was one of the first to liberate the city. Of the townsfolk and villagers who turned out and cheered the Allies and, in some cases, decorated their tanks, Hartington wrote to his wife of feeling "so unworthy of it all living as I have in reasonable safety and comfort during these years..... I have a permanent lump in my throat and long for you to be here as it is an experience which few can have and which I would love to share with you."[3]
On 9 September 1944, Hartington was shot dead at the age of 26 by a sniper whilst leading a company trying to capture the town of Heppen in Belgium from troops of the German Waffen-SS.[4][5][6][7][8] He is buried at the Leopoldsburg War Cemetery.[9]
Personal life
editHe married American socialite Kathleen Kennedy on 6 May 1944 at the Register Office in Chelsea Town Hall on King's Road in London. She was the daughter of former U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom Joseph Kennedy Sr,[1][10] and the sister of John, Robert, and Ted Kennedy. The Duke of Devonshire and the bride's eldest brother Joseph P. Kennedy Jr, then a lieutenant in the United States Navy, signed the marriage register, and the Duke of Rutland served as best man.[11][12] Her mother, Rose, disapproved of the union because the Kennedy family were Roman Catholic and the Dukes of Devonshire were Anglican, and neither would be married in the other's faith.[13][14]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Obituary: Major Lord Hartington". The Times. 19 September 1944. p. 6.
- ^ LIFE, 13 March 1944, pp 28–29.
- ^ Bailey, C. (2007). Black Diamonds: The Rise and Fall of an English Dynasty, p. 375. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-91542-2.
- ^ "The Cavendish Family- Dukes of Devonshire". Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ 'HARTINGTON, Marquess of', Who Was Who, A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 1920–2015; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014; online edn, April 2014 accessed 26 Aug 2015
- ^ "William John Robert Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington (1917–1944) - Genealogy". Geni. 30 April 2022.
- ^ Mitford, Deborah (1982). The House: A Portrait of Chatsworth. Macmillan. p. 73.
- ^ Spencer Churchill, Randolph; Gilbert, Martin (1977). Winston S. Churchill, Volume 5. Houghton Mifflin. p. 583.
- ^ "Major William John Robert Cavendish - War Casualty Details". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. 10 July 2024.
- ^ "The Kennedy family - Photos - 8 of 20 - POLITICO.com". Politico. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ "Marriages: Captain the Lord Hartington and K. Kennedy". The Times. 8 May 1944. p. 6.
- ^ "The Cavendishes & the Kennedys". Time. 15 May 1944. Archived from the original on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 10 August 2008.
- ^ "Kathleen put love before religion". The Montreal Gazette. 4 August 1970.
- ^ Spencer, Charles (January 2010). "Enemies of the Estate". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 20 May 2013.