William Law (September 8, 1809 – January 19, 1892)[2] was an important figure in the early history of the Latter Day Saint movement, holding a position in the church's First Presidency under Joseph Smith Jr. Law was later excommunicated for apostasy from the church and was founder of the short-lived True Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. In this capacity, he published a single edition of the Nauvoo Expositor, the destruction of which set in motion a chain of events that eventually led to Smith's death.
| William Law | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Second Counselor in the First Presidency | |
| January 24, 1841 – April 18, 1844 | |
| Called by | Joseph Smith |
| Predecessor | Frederick G. Williams |
| Successor | Disputed, possibly: Willard Richards David H. Smith |
| End reason | Excommunicated for apostasy |
| Personal details | |
| Born | September 8, 1809 County Tyrone, Ireland, United Kingdom |
| Died | January 19, 1892 (aged 87) Shullsburg, Wisconsin, United States |
| Resting place | Evergreen Cemetery 42°34′07″N 90°13′44″W / 42.5686°N 90.2289°W |
| Spouse(s) | Jane Silverthorn |
| Children | 8 |
| Parents | Richard Law[1] Ann Hunter[1] |
Biography
editLaw was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, to Richard Law and Ann Hunter[1] as the youngest of five children. His older brother was Wilson Law. The Law family moved to the United States around 1820. Law eventually ended up in Churchville, Upper Canada, and at the age of 24 married Jane Silverthorn, who was 19 years old.[3] Law and Silverthorn had eight children: two daughters and six sons.[2]
Law and his wife joined the Church of Christ in 1836 in Canada,[2] through the proselyting efforts of John Taylor and Almon W. Babbitt.[3] In 1839, Law led a group of Canadian saints to Nauvoo, Illinois, and in 1841, Joseph Smith chose him to be a member of the First Presidency.[4] He was also a member of the Nauvoo city council.[2]
Over time, Law became troubled by certain practices of Smith. He felt Smith was confusing church and state roles in Nauvoo, by evading extradition to be tried for crimes in Missouri. He also thought Smith used his church authority to sway political outcomes. However, it was Smith's covert practice of polygamy (and his alleged advances towards Law's wife, Jane) that caused Law to completely separate himself. Rumors circulated that Smith had made several proposals to Jane under the premise that she would enter a polyandrous marriage with Smith.[5] Law and his wife confirmed these rumors were partly true.
However, according to Alexander Neibaur, Jane Law had actually asked to be sealed to Smith after he had refused to seal her to William. According to the rumor, Smith had denied the couple because William was guilty of adultery (William had confessed his actions to Smith), though he did not tell Jane his reasons.[6] In committing the sin, Law felt like he had transgressed against his own soul.[7][citation needed]
Years later, according to Ann Eliza Young (nineteenth wife of Brigham Young and later a critic of polygamy and Mormonism), Jane stated Smith visited her at night. He knew Law would not be home and proposed to her, suggesting it was God's will that she enter into a polyandrous marriage with him.[8] Young's account states that Jane Law stated that Smith had "asked her to give him half her love; she was at liberty to keep the other half for her husband."[9] She refused Smith's request to marry him as a polyandrous plural wife. In contrast to her claim, Smith stated Jane had "thrown her arms around his neck" and requested to be sealed to Smith if she could not be sealed to William Law. Smith turned down the request.[7] Law still believed Mormonism was true, but he viewed Smith as a fallen prophet.
On January 8, 1844, Law was informed he was no longer a counselor to Smith in the First Presidency. He was shocked and frustrated. He demanded a rehearing of his case, because the procedures for removal from the First Presidency had not been followed. The rehearing was granted and on April 18, 1844, he was tried again.[3] However, this time he was tried as if he were a private member and not a high-ranking church official. Once again he felt this went against church protocol. The following day he was informed of his excommunication on grounds of apostasy. At this point, he felt Smith was beyond saving, and that it was his duty to expose him to the rest of the Mormon community.[citation needed]
Law met privately after his excommunication with other opponents of Smith and formed a group. Shortly thereafter, Law created the True Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints and became its President. On June 7, 1844, Law and his followers published the Nauvoo Expositor, a newspaper that outlined Law's contentions against Smith, including the then-secret practice of plural marriage. The reaction to the newspaper was not what Law expected, and after two days of consultation, the printing press was ordered destroyed by Smith and the Nauvoo city council.[10] It was destroyed later that day.
Smith was later arrested and taken to nearby Carthage, Illinois, on charges relating to the destruction of the Expositor.[11] On June 27, 1844, Smith was killed by a mob.[12]
For many years, Law was accused of being a member or a leader of the mob that killed Smith.[13] However, Law's diary states that he was not in Carthage at the time of the murder, though he had been present there earlier in the day.[14]
Law expressed outrage and remorse at Smith's death in his private journal.[3]
Law's opinion was that Smith's goal "to demoralize the world, to give it to Satan, his master..... He claimed to be a god, whereas he was only a servant of the Devil, and as such he met his fate."[15]
In 1887, Law agreed to be interviewed reflecting on his experience with Mormonism.[16] This interview, along with three letters by Law, were published in the Salt Lake Tribune. [17]
Law eventually moved to Shullsburg, Lafayette County, Wisconsin, where he died in 1892[4] at the age of 82.[2]
References
edit- ^ a b c Biography Archived 2013-08-17 at the Wayback Machine of William Law, The Joseph Smith Papers (accessed August 15, 2013).
- ^ a b c d e McCune, George M. (1991). Personalities in the Doctrine and Covenants and Joseph Smith–History. Salt Lake City, Utah: Hawkes Publishing. p. 71. ISBN 9780890365182.
- ^ a b c d Cook, Lyndon W. "William Law, Nauvoo Dissenter". Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine (10.2 MB) BYU Studies. Winter 1982. Vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 47-72.
- ^ a b Jessee, Dean C., editor The Papers of Joseph Smith Vol. 2, p. 565.
- ^ "Polygamy, Persecution And Power" Archived 2017-11-12 at the Wayback Machine, Salt Lake Tribune, June 16, 1996, paragraph 16, 17.
- ^ Neibaur Journal, May 24, 1844.
- ^ a b Neibaur, Journal, May 24, 1844; Council of Fifty, “Record,” [290], in JSP, CFM:192; see also 192, note 596; and Cook, William Law, 25–27, note 84.
- ^ "Wife no. 19", Ann Eliza Young, 1875, p, 61,
- ^ "Wife no. 19", Ann Eliza Young, 1875, p, 61, [These allegations from Ann Eliza Young can only be hearsay; Young was not even born until after Joseph Smith's death.]
- ^ "City of Nauvoo/Nauvoo Expositor - FairMormon". www.fairmormon.org. Retrieved 2017-08-25.
- ^ Supplement to the Millennial Star, August 1844 p. 2. (This document can be found online by doing a key word search at http://www.lib.byu.edu/online.html?tab=4 Archived 2009-02-20 at the Wayback Machine)
- ^ Doctrine and Covenants (Covenant 135)
- ^ An unnamed witness said he saw Law at the jail at the time of the killing: Naked Truths About Mormonism, 1 (April 1888). Willard Richards, who was present with Smith in Carthage Jail at the time of the killing, included Law on his list of murderers of Smith: History of the Church 7:146. It is unknown whether Richards meant that he saw Law in the mob, or whether he merely suspected Law of being a behind-the-scenes organizer.
- ^ Diary of William Law, 12–13.
- ^ Diary of William Law, 13–14.
- ^ "An Interview with William Law – Mormonism Research Ministry".
- ^ "William Law letters". Archived from the original on 2004-08-17.
Further reading
edit- Cook, Lyndon W. (Winter 1982), "William Law, Nauvoo Dissenter", BYU Studies, 22 (1): 47–72, archived from the original on 2012-05-27, retrieved 2012-02-29.
- Cook, Lyndon W.; Law, William (1994), William Law: Biographical Essay, Nauvoo Diary, Correspondence, Interview, Orem, Utah: Grandin Book, ISBN 0-910523-01-0.
- Glaser, John Frederick (1986), "The Disaffection of William Law", Restoration Studies, 3: 163–75.
- Jenson, Andrew (1901), "William Law", Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia, vol. 1, Salt Lake City: Andrew Jenson History Company, p. 53.
- Law, William (Winter 1980), Lyndon W. Cook (ed.), "'Brother Joseph Is Truly a Wonderful Man, He Is All We Could Wish a Prophet to Be': Pre-1844 Letters of William Law", BYU Studies, 20 (2): 207–18, archived from the original on 2011-11-07, retrieved 2012-02-29.
- Palmer, Grant H. (Fall–Winter 2012), "Why William and Jane Law left the LDS Church in 1844", John Whitmer Historical Association Journal, 32 (2): 3–51.
- Winder, Michael K. (2001), "William Law: Second Counselor to Joseph Smith (1841-1844)", Counselors to the Prophets, Roy, Utah: Eborn Books, pp. 90–99, ISBN 1-890718-04-1.
External links
edit- A copy of the Nauvoo Expositor
- Three letters written later in William Law's life about his views on Mormonism
- William Law Diary, MSS SC 2526, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University
- Hancock County, Illinois Circuit Court summons for William Law, Vault MSS 417, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University