William Parry Murphy Sr. (February 6, 1892 – October 9, 1987) was an American physician who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934 with George Richards Minot and George Hoyt Whipple for their combined work in devising and treating macrocytic anemia (specifically, pernicious anemia).[1][2][3]
William P. Murphy Sr. | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | William Parry Murphy February 6, 1892[1] Stoughton, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Died | October 9, 1987 (aged 95) Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Education | University of Oregon Harvard Medical School |
| Occupation(s) | Academic, researcher, physician |
| Spouse |
Harriett Adams
(m. 1919; died 1980) |
| Children | 2; including William Jr. |
| Awards | Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh (1930) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[2] (1934) |
Early life
editMurphy was born on February 6, 1892, at Stoughton, Wisconsin[3] and moved to Condon, Oregon as a youth.[4] His father, Thomas Francis Murphy, was a congregational minister of English and Irish heritage. His mother, Rosa Anna Parry, was of a Welsh landowning background. Murphy was educated at the public schools of Wisconsin and Oregon. He completed his A.B. degree in 1914 from the University of Oregon.[3] He completed his M.D. in 1922 from Harvard Medical School.[1][3]
Career
editThis section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2023) |
In 1924, Murphy bled dogs to make them anemic (work inspired by war injury work), and then fed them various substances to gauge their improvement.[citation needed] He discovered that ingesting large amounts of liver seemed to restore anemia more quickly of all foods. Minot and Whipple then set about to chemically isolate the curative substance. These investigations showed that iron in the liver was responsible for curing anemia from bleeding, but meanwhile liver had been tried on people with pernicious anemia and some effect was seen there, also.[citation needed] The active ingredient in this case, found serendipitously, was not iron, but rather a water-soluble extract containing a new substance. From this extract, chemists were ultimately able to isolate vitamin B12 from the liver. Even before the vitamin had been completely characterized, the knowledge that raw liver and its extracts treated pernicious anemia (previously a terminal disease) was a major advance in medicine.[citation needed] Minot and Murphy's famous paper Treatment of pernicious anemia by a special diet was published in 1926.[5]
In 1930, Murphy was awarded the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh with George Minot.[citation needed]
In 1951, Murphy was one of seven Nobel Laureates who attended the 1st Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting.[6]
Personal life
editMurphy married Pearl Harriett Adams (died 1980) on September 10, 1919. They had a son, William P. Murphy Jr., and a daughter, Priscilla Adams.[7]
Murphy died on October 9, 1987 in Brookline, Massachusetts at the age of 95.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Murphy, William Parry at American National Biography website
- ^ a b The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934 at Nobel Prize website
- ^ a b c d "Dr. William Murphy, Brookline; Won 1934 Nobel Prize in Medicine". The Boston Globe. Boston, MA. October 11, 1987. p. 53. Retrieved November 18, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Vintage Oregon: Happy Birthday to Nobel Prize winner from Oregon | OregonLive.com Retrieved 2018-11-26.
- ^ Minot, George R.; Murphy, William P. (August 14, 1926). "Treatment of pernicious anemia by a special diet". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 87 (7). American Medical Association (AMA): 470–476. doi:10.1001/jama.1926.02680070016005. ISSN 0098-7484.
- ^ "1st Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting - Laureates". www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org. Retrieved 2018-01-11.
- ^ Murphy, William P. at SNAC website
External links
edit- William Parry Murphy papers, 1906-1987 (inclusive), 1919-1987 (bulk), HMS c284. Harvard Medical Library, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Center for the History of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
- William P. Murphy on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1934 Pernicious Anemia
