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William Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby de Eresby

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William Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby de Eresby KG (c.1370 – 4 December 1409) was an English baron.

William Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby de Eresby
Arms of Sir William de Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby d'Eresby, KG
Bornc.1370
Died4 December 1409
Newcastle upon Tyne
Noble familyWilloughby de Eresby
Spouse(s)Hon. Lucy le Strange
Lady Joan Holland
IssueRobert Willoughby, 6th Baron Willoughby de Eresby
Sir Thomas Willoughby
Elizabeth Willoughby, Baroness Beaumont
Margery Willoughby, Baroness FitzHugh
Margaret Willoughby, Lady Skipwith
FatherRobert Willoughby, 4th Baron Willoughby de Eresby
MotherAlice de Skipwith
Garter stall plate of William Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby de Eresby KG, showing on a shield couchée the arms borne by Willoughby: Quarterly 1 & 4: Sable, a cross engrailed or (Ufford); 2 & 3: Gules, a cross moline argent (Bec of Eresby)[1]

Origins

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William Willoughby was the son of Robert Willoughby, 4th Baron Willoughby de Eresby, by his first wife, Alice de Skipwith, daughter of Sir William de Skipwith, Chief Baron of the Exchequer.[2] He had four half-brothers by his father's second wife, Margery la Zouche: Robert, Thomas, John and Brian.[3]

After the death of Margery la Zouche (d. 18 October 1391), his father married thirdly Elizabeth le Latimer (d. 5 November 1395), suo jure 5th Baroness Latimer, daughter of William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer, and widow of John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby. By this marriage, William had a half-sister, Margaret Willoughby, who died unmarried. By her first marriage Elizabeth Latimer had a son, John Neville, 6th Baron Latimer (c.1382 – 10 December 1430), and a daughter, Elizabeth Neville, who married her step-brother, Sir Thomas Willoughby (died c. 20 August 1417).[4]

Career

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The 4th Baron died on 9 August 1396, and Willoughby inherited the title as 5th Baron. He was given seisin of his lands on 27 September.[5]

Hicks notes that the Willoughby family had a tradition of military service, but that the 5th Baron 'lived during an intermission in foreign war and served principally against the Welsh and northern rebels of Henry IV'.[6] Willoughby joined Bolingbroke, the future King Henry IV, soon after his landing at Ravenspur, was present at the abdication of Richard II in the Tower on 29 September 1399, and was one of the peers who consented to King Richard's imprisonment. In the following year he is said to have taken part in Henry IV's expedition to Scotland.[7]

In 1401 he was admitted to the Order of the Garter, and on 13 October 1402 was among those appointed to negotiate with the Welsh rebel, Owain Glyndŵr. When Henry IV's former allies the Percy Family rebelled in 1403, Willoughby remained loyal to the King. In the July of that year, he was granted lands that had been in the custody of Henry Percy, who had been killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury on 21 July 1403. Willoughby was appointed to the King's council in March 1404. On 21 February 1404 he was among the commissioners appointed to expel aliens from England.[8]

In 1405 Hotspur's father, Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, again took up arms against the King, joined by Lord Bardolf, and on 27 May Richard Scrope, Archbishop of York, perhaps in conjunction with Northumberland's rebellion, assembled a force of some 8,000 men on Shipton Moor. Scrope was tricked into disbanding his army on 29 May, and he and his allies were arrested. Henry IV denied them trial by their peers, and Willoughby was among the commissioners[9] who sat in judgment on Scrope in his own hall at his manor of Bishopthorpe, some three miles south of York. The Chief Justice, Sir William Gascoigne, refused to participate in such irregular proceedings and to pronounce judgment on a prelate, and it was thus left to the lawyer Sir William Fulthorpe to condemn Scrope to death for treason. Scrope was beheaded under the walls of York before a great crowd on 8 June 1405, 'the first English prelate to suffer judicial execution'.[10] On 12 July 1405 Willoughby was granted lands forfeited by the rebel Earl of Northumberland.[11]

In 1406 Willoughby was again appointed to the Council. On 7 June and 22 December of that year he was among the lords who sealed the settlement of the crown.[12]

Marriages and issue

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Willoughby married twice:

Death and burial

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Church of St. James, Spilsby, Lincolnshire, burial place of William Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby de Eresby

Willoughby died at Edgefield, Norfolk on 4 December 1409 and was buried in the Church of St James in Spilsby, Lincolnshire, with his first wife.[16] A chapel in the church at Spilsby still contains the monuments and brasses of several early members of the Willoughby family, including the 5th baron and his first wife.[17]

Sources

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  • Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden. Vol. IX. London: St. Catherine Press.
  • Cokayne, G.E. (1959). The Complete Peerage, edited by Geoffrey H. White. Vol. XII (Part II). London: St. Catherine Press.
  • Harriss, G.L. (2004). "Willoughby, Robert (III), sixth Baron Willoughby (1385–1452)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/50229. Retrieved 5 December 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required)
  • Hicks, Michael (2004). "Willoughby family (per. c.1300–1523)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/52801. Retrieved 6 December 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required)
  • Holmes, George (2004). "Latimer, William, fourth Baron Latimer (1330–1381)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16103. Retrieved 6 December 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required)
  • McNiven, Peter (2004). "Scrope, Richard (c.1350–1405)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/24964. Retrieved 7 December 2012. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) (subscription required)
  • Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) ISBN 1449966373
  • Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Vol. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) ISBN 144996639X
  • Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Vol. IV (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) ISBN 1460992709

References

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  1. ^ Hope, W. H. St. John, The Stall Plates of the Knights of the Order of the Garter 1348 – 1485: A Series of Ninety Full-Sized Coloured Facsimiles with Descriptive Notes and Historical Introductions, Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company, 1901
  2. ^ "The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant; Vol. 12 Part 2". www.familysearch.org. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  3. ^ Cokayne 1959, pp. 661–2; Richardson III 2011, pp. 450–2; Richardson IV 2011, pp. 332–3, 422–5; Hicks 2004.
  4. ^ Cokayne 1936, p. 503; Cokayne 1959, pp. 661–2; Richardson I 2011, p. 333; Richardson III 2011, pp. 242–6; Richardson IV 2011, pp. 332–3; Holmes 2004.
  5. ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 662; Richardson I 2011, p. 334.
  6. ^ Hicks 2004.
  7. ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 662; Richardson I 2011, p. 334.
  8. ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 662.
  9. ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 662.
  10. ^ McNiven 2004.
  11. ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 662.
  12. ^ Cokayne 1959, pp. 662–3.
  13. ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 663; Richardson IV 2011, pp. 334–7.
  14. ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 663; Richardson IV 2011, p. 334.
  15. ^ Cokayne 1959, p. 663; Richardson IV 2011, p. 334.
  16. ^ Richardson IV 2011, p. 334.
  17. ^ Hicks 2004.
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