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Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska

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The Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska (Ho-Chunk: Nįįšoc Hoocąk)[4] is one of two federally recognized tribes of Ho-Chunk, along with the Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin. Tribe members often refer to themselves as Hochungra – "People of the Parent Speech" in their own language, a member of the Siouan family.

Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska
Tribal Flag
Enrolled tribal member Martha Gradolf, a weaver
Total population
4,192[1]
Regions with significant populations
 United States ( Nebraska &  Iowa)
Languages
English, Ho-Chunk[2]
Religion
traditional tribal religion, Native American Church[3]
Related ethnic groups
other Ho-Chunk people, Otoe, Iowa, and Missouria people[3]

Reservation

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The tribe had (by the treaty of 1846) a vast wilderness area in central Minnesota Territory, the Long Prairie Reservation.[5] The Winnebago Reservation, established by a treaty on March 8, 1865,[6] is in Thurston and Dixon counties, Nebraska, and Woodbury County, Iowa.[7] The reservation is 176.55 square miles (112,990 acres; 457.3 km2),[8] of which 27,637 acres (43.183 sq mi; 111.84 km2) is tribal trust land.[1] In 1990, 1,151 tribal members lived on the reservation.[7]

Government

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The Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska is headquartered in Winnebago, Nebraska.[9] The tribe is governed by a democratically elected general council.

The current administration is as follows:

  • Chairwoman: Victoria Kitcheyan
  • Vice-Chairman: Isaac Smith
  • Treasurer: Rona Stealer
  • Secretary: Lorelei DeCora
  • Council Member: Eugene DeCora Sr.
  • Council Member: Kenny Mallory
  • Council Member: Coly Brown
  • Council Member: Aric Armell[10]

The Winnebago Tribe runs multiple programs aimed at providing services to the tribe and local community including multiple educational programs aimed at assisting low-income tribe members, a tribal housing program, and the Winnebago Veteran's Association.[11] Additionally, the Winnebago Tribe runs the Winnebago Fire Crew which serves the Winnebago and other local tribes[12]

Language

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The Winnebago Tribe speaks English and Ho-Chunk (Hocąk), one of the Western Siouan languages, part of the Siouan-Catawban language family.[2]

Economic development

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Lillian St. Cyr, known as Red Wing (1884–1974), a Winnebago actress of the silent film era

Ho-Chunk, Inc. is the tribe's corporation; it provides construction services, professional services, and business and consumer products.[13] The Winnebago Tribe also owns and operates the WinnaVegas Casino Resort, hotel, and Flowers Island Restaurant and Buffet, all located in Sloan, Iowa.[14] Ho-Chunk, Inc. has been recognized several times for exercising good governance and creatively solving issues faced in the tribe. Administered by the Harvard Project on American Indian Economic Development at the Harvard Kennedy School, it's been awarded an Honoring Nations award in 2000, 2002, 2006, and 2015.[15]

Juvenile Services

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The tribe worked with the Nebraska Crime Commission to create a comprehensive plan for responding to juvenile safety and crime prevention issues. The most recent revision of the "Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska Comprehensive Juvenile Services Plan" lists three primary areas of need:

  1. Responsibility and awareness for youth distributed across the whole community.
  2. A higher level of community organization.
  3. A better coordinated and more comprehensive juvenile justice system.[16]

In 2012, the Winnebago Juvenile Justice Planning Team (WJJPT) was formed to assist with youth outreach and public safety. The WJJPT has planned and carried out a variety of public safety initiatives such as school outreach programs and planning a Crisis Intervention Center.

Notable tribal members

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  • Joba Chamberlain (b. 1985), Major League Baseball pitcher from 2007-2016
  • Henry Roe Cloud (1884–1950), educator, college administrator, US federal government official, Presbyterian minister; first full-blood Native American to attend Yale College
  • Angel De Cora (1871–1919), artist, educator, and Indian rights activist
  • Terri Crawford Hansen (b. 1953), journalist
  • Frank LaMere (1950–2019), activist, advocate, politician
    • Lexie Wakan LaMere (May 16, 1992 – January 3, 2014), first native to graduate from Senate Page school; youngest delegate in the Nebraska Democratic Party
  • Renya K. Ramirez (b. 1959), anthropologist, author, and Native feminist[17]
  • John Raymond Rice (1914–1950), U.S. Army in service of UN Forces in Korean War
  • Reuben Snake (1937–1993), chairman of the American Indian Movement and the tribe, and later president of the National Congress of American Indians
  • Lillian St. Cyr, known as Red Wing (1884–1974), an actress of the silent film era

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b "Winnebago Agency." US Department of the Interior Indian Affairs. Retrieved 11 Sept 2013.
  2. ^ a b "Ho-Chunk." Ethnologue. Retrieved 11 Sept 2013.
  3. ^ a b Pritzker 475
  4. ^ "Ho-Chunk Dictionary". dictionary.hochunk.org.
  5. ^ Sandy, John H. "Indian and White in Happy Valley: Long Prairie". Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  6. ^ "Treaty with the Winnebago, 1865". Tribal Treaties Database. Oklahoma State University. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  7. ^ a b Pritzker, 477
  8. ^ "2020 Gazetteer Files". census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
  9. ^ "Tribal Directory." National Congress of American Indians. Retrieved 11 Sept 2013.
  10. ^ https://winnebagotribe.com/tribal-council/ Accessed 7 December 2023
  11. ^ "Winnebago Veteran's Association".
  12. ^ "Winnebago Agency | Indian Affairs".
  13. ^ "Ho-Chunk, Inc." Retrieved 11 Sept 2013.
  14. ^ "Winna Vegas Casino." 500 Nations. Retrieved 11 Sept 2013.
  15. ^ "Winnebago Community Celebrates Ho-Chunk, Inc.'s 25th Anniversary". All Native Group. August 2019.
  16. ^ Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska Comprehensive Juvenile Services Plan, Nebraska Crime Commission
  17. ^ Grad, Rachel (21 March 2018). "Professor Digs Into Family History To Tell Story Of Native American Activism". UC Santa Cruz Anthropology Chronicle. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.

References

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  • Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1
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