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Wolfgang Güllich

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Wolfgang Güllich (24 October 1960 – 31 August 1992) was a German rock climber, who is considered one of the greatest and most influential climbers in the history of the sport.[1][4][5] Güllich dominated sport climbing after his 1984 ascent of Kanal im Rücken, the world's first-ever redpoint of an 8b (5.13d) route. He continued to set more "new hardest grade" breakthroughs than any other climber in sport climbing history, with Punks in the Gym in 1985, the world's first-ever 8b+ (5.14a), Wallstreet in 1987, the world's first-ever 8c (5.14b), and with Action Directe in 1991, the world's first-ever 9a (5.14d).[1][4]

Wolfgang Güllich
Güllich on Ghettoblaster 8b+ (5.14a) X+, at Rabenfels [de], in the Frankenjura
Personal information
Born(1960-10-24)October 24, 1960[2]
Ludwigshafen, West Germany[2]
DiedAugust 31, 1992(1992-08-31) (aged 31)[2]
Ingolstadt, Germany[2]
OccupationProfessional rock climber
Height178 cm (5 ft 10 in)[3]
Weight68 kg (150 lb)[3]
SpouseAnnette Favery (m. 1991)[1]
Websitewww.wolfgangguellich.com
Climbing career
Type of climber
Highest grade
Known for
  • First to climb consensus sport 8b (5.13d), 8b+ (5.14a), 8c (5.14b) and 9a (5.14d)
  • First to free solo 7c (5.12d)
  • Inventor of the campus board
First ascents
Updated on 29 November 2022

Güllich was the first-ever person to free solo at grade 7c (5.12d) with his 1986 ascent of Weed Killer, and in that same year did his iconic free solo of Separate Reality.[1][4] He made first ascents of important new big wall climbing routes on the Trango Towers and the Paine Towers.[1][4] With long-time climbing partner Kurt Albert, he revolutionized the training techniques for sport climbers, and the introduction of the campus board in particular.[1][4] Güllich carried the mantle of "world's strongest sport climber" until his death in a car accident at age 31, after which it would be later taken up by Chris Sharma.[6][4]

Early life

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Wolfgang Güllich, was born in 1960 in Ludwigshafen, West Germany; the first son of Ursula and Fritz (Snr) Güllich.[7] His father introduced him to aid climbing at the age of 13,[7] and by age 15, he was climbing almost every weekend in the Südpfalz region with his younger brother Fritz (who in 1978 would die in a climbing accident).[7] After an encounter with Reinhard Karl, a leading figure in German mountaineering at that time, Güllich decided to apply himself intensively to climbing, and to free climbing in particular – which at that time was traditional climbing as sport climbing was still not widely practiced.[7]

Climbing career

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Güllich quickly became one of the best climbers in his region, making the first free ascent of the aid route, Jubiläumsriss (VII-), at the age of 16.[5] In 1981, he left the sandstone Südpfalz region to live in the limestone Frankenjura region, where a group of leading German and British climbers were starting to raise standards, including German climber Kurt Albert and British climber Jerry Moffatt, who both become life-long friends and training partners of Güllich.[8][1][9] In 1983, Güllich freed the first German grade IX+ 5.13a (7c+) route, Mister Magnesia,[5] weeks before Moffatt freed Ekel (IX+), also in the Frankenjura.[9]

Güllich made several notable trips to the US,[5] coming to international attention in 1982 with the first repeat of Tony Yaniro's historic 1979 8a (5.13b) route, Grand Illusion in Lake Tahoe.[1][4][5] He also completed most of the other hardest routes in the US at the time including Equinox 5.13a (7c+) in Joshua Tree, and Cosmic Debris 5.13a (7c+) in Yosemite.[9] On a 1984, visit to the Shawangunks he repeated Intruders and Project X.[9] On a 1986 trip, Güllich made his iconic free solo of Separate Reality, 7a (5.11d), in Yosemite, photographed by Heinz Zak [de].[1][10] Güllich travelled extensively including to China, the USSR and to the Sinai Desert.[9] On a 1986 trip to Britain, he did the world's first-ever free solo at 7c (5.12d) on Weed Killer at Raven Tor,[11] but broke his back falling on Master's Edge at Millstone.[12]

In 1984, Güllich would begin an extraordinary series of years where he would create several hardest new grade sport climbs in the world – the most of any climber in history.[4][11] He started by redpointing the first-ever 8b (5.13d) X, in history with Kanal im Rücken.[1][11] The next year, on a trip to Australia, he redpointed the first-ever 8b+ (5.14a) X+ in history with Punks in the Gym.[1][11] In 1987, Güllich redpointed the first-ever 8c (5.14b) XI- in history with Wallstreet [de].[1][11] In 1991, he made the first-ever redpoint of a 9a (5.14d) XI, in history with Action Directe, which was described as "Güllich's Masterpiece".[1][2][5] In 2019, Francis Sanzaro, the editor of Rock & Ice, called the 1991 photograph of Güllich, mid-flight on the crux dyno of Action Directe, as "the most iconic photo of hard climbing ever taken".[13]

In addition to driving new grades of sport climbing routes, in 1989, Güllich, Kurt Albert, Christof Stiegler, and Milan Sykora, added what was called a "milestone" in big wall climbing with the first ascent of Eternal Flame (IX- A2) on the Nameless Tower in the Karakoram.[1][14] In 1991, with Kurt Albert, Bernd Arnold, Norbert Bätz and Peter Dittrich, they made another breakthrough in big wall climbing with Riders on the Storm (IX A3) on the Paine Towers in Patagonia.[15] Güllich believed high altitude big wall climbing was in its early stages, and the expeditions allowed him to recharge from sport climbing.[1]

Approach and philosophy

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Güllich avoided the competition climbing circuit throughout his career. He felt that "competitions are good for earning money, I see it as nothing more", and was not attracted to competing with other climbers, just with the challenge of a real route.[9] Although Güllich enjoyed traveling to other locations and testing himself on their hardest routes, saying: "A 'successful' climber is someone who has done many hard routes in many areas, not just a local specialist",[9] he was most motivated by creating new routes, saying: "if climbing is an art, then creativity is its main component".[9]

Güllich maintained an intensive and scientific approach to training for climbing, sometimes taking on specific training techniques for individual climbs.[1] While training for Action Directe, Güllich invented the campus boarding to develop plyometric strength in his fingers and arms.[2][16] Güllich co-authored with Andreas Kubin a 192-page German book on training for sport climbing called Sportklettern heute (1986), and was an early advocate of bouldering as a way to improve his technique and build performance, saying "the hardest routes are extended boulder problems";[9] he also studied the use of the "deadpoint".[9] Güllich's advice would often extend beyond the physical, and was a source of notable quotes including: "A man doesn't go to drink coffee after climbing, coffee is integral part of the climbing".[9]

Personal life and death

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Wolfgang Güllich memorial stone

After moving to the Frankenjura in 1981, Güllich spent eleven years sharing an apartment, which included a gym in the cellar, with his life-long climbing partner Kurt Albert.[17][8] The pair became famous for their hospitality and generosity to other international sport climbers.[8] The Guardian said: "Their flat became a meeting house for climbers from all over the world, testament to the ability of both men to make friends wherever they went".[17] Climbing said of their apartment, "[it] became one of the most significant addresses in free-climbing history. It was essentially an open-house for the best sport climbers of the 1980s, people like Ben Moon, Ben Masterson, Ron Fawcett, Ron Kauk and John Bachar", and adding: "in an era before the Internet, their place was a hub of ideas and information".[8]

In 1990, he met nurse Annette Favery whom he married one year later; Annette was photographed belaying him on his famous first free ascent of Action Directe on 14 September 1991;[13] which happened just five days after their wedding.[1]

He was a climbing double for Sylvester Stallone in the 1993 movie Cliffhanger, along with Ron Kauk.[18]

On 29 August 1992 Güllich fell asleep at the wheel of his car and veered off the autobahn between Munich and Nuremberg as he made his way home from an interview. Two days later on 31 August 1992 he died in a hospital in Ingolstadt, never having regained consciousness. He was buried in Obertrubach.[1]

Legacy

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Güllich is considered one of the greatest and most influential climbers in the history of the sport, and a pioneer in both technique and training.[1][4][5] In 2013, when National Geographic announced Adam Ondra as an "Adventurer of the Year", they noted that the title of "world's strongest climber" was held by Güllich in the 1980s and early 1990s, then passed to Chris Sharma in 2001, and to Ondra in 2013; National Geographic said of Güllich: "In the '80s and early '90s German climber Wolfgang Güllich almost singlehandedly bumped the highest grade in rock climbing from 5.13d to 5.14d".[6] In 2018, when Beth Wald wrote a preface to her 1987 Climbing interview with Güllich for the book Vantage Point: 50 Years of the Best Climbing Stories Ever Told, she introduced him as: "One of the finest rock climbers of all time the German Wolfgang Güllich developed cutting-edge training regimes that today have become commonplace...".[9] In 2022, on the 30th anniversary of his death, PlanetMountain called him: "A truly visionary figure, his influence extends well beyond sport climbing and even today his routes in far-flung corners of the globe such as Patagonia and the Karakorum are considered absolute milestones in big wall climbing in the high mountains".[1] In 2022, Die Zeit called Güllich, "One of the best unknown athletes that have ever existed in Germany", noting that rock climbing was still a developing sport in the country.[19]

Awards and honours

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Notable ascents

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Redpointed routes

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9a (5.14d):

8c (5.14b):

8b+ (5.14a):

8b (5.13d):

8a (5.13b):

Onsighted routes

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7c+ (5.13a):

Free soloed routes

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7c (5.12d):

7b+ (5.12c):

7a (5.11d):

Big wall climbing routes

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Bibliography

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  • Güllich, Wolfgang; Kubin, Andreas (1986). Sportklettern heute. Bruckmann. ISBN 9783765420535.
  • Hepp, Tilmann (1994). Wolfgang Gullich: A Life in the Vertical. Boulder. ISBN 9781871890686.
  • Zak, Heinz (1997). Rock Stars: The World's Best Free Climbeers. Cordee. ISBN 9783763370443.
  • Hepp, Tilmann (2009). Wolfgang Gullich: Action Directe. Vantage. ISBN 9788885475762.

Filmography

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  • Documentary on German sport climbing: Chelsea Jolly, Ken Etzel (2019). Rotpunkt (Motion picture). Patagonia. Retrieved 2 December 2022.[26]
  • Documentary on Güllich and Action Directe: Jochen Schmoll, Malte Roeper (2002). Jung stirbt, wen die Götter lieben (Motion picture). BR / Drehxtrem. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  • Film in which Güllich acted as a stunt double for Sylvester Stallone: Renny Harlin (1993). Cliffhanger (Motion picture). RCS Video. Retrieved 2 December 2022.[18]
  • Documentary on Güllich and Kurt Albert climbing in the US: Hans Henn (1987). Den Fels im Griff (Motion picture). ZDF. Retrieved 2 December 2022.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Hobley, Nicholas (31 August 2022). "Remembering Wolfgang Güllich, one of greatest climbers of all times". PlanetMountain. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Hobley, Nicholas (14 September 2018). "Action Directe, Wolfgang Güllich's 25-year-old Frankenjura masterpiece". PlanetMountain. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  3. ^ a b Historical Performances in Chin-ups, Pull-ups, Levers, and Crosses
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Editorial (6 September 2022). "Wolfgang Güllich, pioneer of modern climbing". Outside. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Fernandez, Issac (23 April 2020). "Storied from History: Wolfgang Güllich and 'Action Directe', first 9a". Desnivel. Retrieved 2 December 2022. If a character has had an influence on the history of sport climbing and its practitioners of later generations, it is Wolfgang Güllich.
  6. ^ a b Cahall, Fitz (13 November 2013). "Adventurers of the Year: Climber Adam Ondra". National Geographic. Archived from the original on July 23, 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d Hepp, Tilmann; Thomas "Balli" Ballenberger (2006). Wolfgang Güllich – Klettern heißt frei sein (in German). Stuttgart/Nürnberg: Boulder Verlag. ISBN 978-3-9811231-0-4.
  8. ^ a b c d Douglas, Ed (22 April 2022). "The Short, Exemplary Life of Kurt Albert". Climbing. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Wald, Beth (November 2018). "Interview with Wolfgang Gullich (June 1987)". Vantage Point: 50 Years of the Best Climbing Stories Ever Told. Falcon Guides. pp. 76–84. ISBN 978-1493034772. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  10. ^ a b Osius, Alison (4 June 2022). "Free Solo Rock Climbing and the Climbers Who Have Defined the Sport". Climbing. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Oviglia, Maurizio (23 December 2012). "The evolution of free climbing". PlanetMountain.com. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  12. ^ Matt Heason (June 2010). "Millstone - Quarried Grit". UKClimbing. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  13. ^ a b Sanzaro, Francis (26 July 2019). "An Image is Worth…?". Rock & Ice. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  14. ^ a b "Eternal Flame". PlanetMountain. 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
  15. ^ a b "Riders on the Storm". PlanetMountain. planetmountain.com. 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
  16. ^ Walker, Noah (9 September 2022). "A Beginner's Guide to Campus Board Training". Gripped. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
  17. ^ a b Douglas, Ed (18 October 2010). "Kurt Albert obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  18. ^ a b Bill Stall. "Making a Movie Out of a Mountain: Climbers Give High Marks to 'Cliffhanger's' Realistic High-Altitude Action Sequences". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  19. ^ Brems, Lukas (2 September 2022). "[TRANSLATED] One of the best unknown athletes that have ever existed in Germany". Die Zeit. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  20. ^ "Cédric Lachat repeats Wogü in Rätikon, Switzerland". 3 July 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2022. ...and the name is a tribute to one of the climbers who has influenced sport climbing the most: Wolfgang Güllich.
  21. ^ "Edu Marin Climbs WoGu: One of Europe's Hardest Multipitch Routes". Climbing. 14 October 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2022. WoGu was named in honor of Wolfgang Gullich, the pioneer of sport climbing who developed the campus board and established the world's first 5.14d, Action Directe, in Germany's Frankenjura.
  22. ^ "Amadeus Schwarzenegger" (in German). frankenjura.com. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  23. ^ "Heinz Zak solos Yosemite's Separate Reality". planetmountain.com. 9 June 2005. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  24. ^ Zak, Heinz (Summer 2006). "Passion and Beauty". Alpinist (16). Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  25. ^ a b Child, Greg (1 July 2005). "Trango Tower". Alpinist (11). Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  26. ^ "Rotpunkt featuring Alex Megos". PlanetMountain. 11 November 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2022.

Further reading

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  • Güllich, Wolfgang; Kubin, Andreas (1989). Sportklettern heute: Technik - Taktik - Training (in German). Bruckmann. ISBN 9783765420535.
  • Hepp, Tilmann (1993). Wolfgang Güllich. Leben in der Senkrechten (in German). Rosenheim: Rosenheimer. ISBN 3-475-52747-2. (Biography)
  • Hepp, Tilmann; Thomas "Balli" Ballenberger (2006). Wolfgang Güllich - Klettern heißt frei sein (in German). Stuttgart/Nürnberg: Boulder Verlag. ISBN 978-3-9811231-0-4. (Artbook)
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