Wolfgang Ratke (also Wolfgangus Ratichius or Wolfgang Ratich) (18 October 1571 – 27 April 1635) was a German educational reformer.[1]
Biography
editEarly life
editHe was born at Wilster, Holstein,[2] the son of Andreas Ratke who died early and Margarete Rost who died aged 66 on 19 May 1613. He was educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums and the University of Rostock.
System of education
editWhile sojourning in Holland (1603–11), he devised a new method for teaching languages quickly. His system of education was based upon Francis Bacon's philosophy, the principle being that of proceeding from things to names, from the particular to the general, and from the mother tongue to foreign languages.[3] His fundamental idea was that the Baconian theory of induction was following nature, meaning that there is a natural sequence along which the mind moves in the acquisition of knowledge, through particulars to the general. He advocated, above all, the use of the vernacular as the proper means for approaching all subjects, and demanded the establishment of a vernacular school on the basis of the Latin school.
Implementation efforts
editHe tried to enlist the Prince of Orange in his cause, but failing, he went to Germany. In 1618 he opened schools at Augsburg and elsewhere. In Köthen, Prince Ludwig von Anhalt furnished him with the means of opening a school to be conducted according to his own ideas; however, difficulties with the clergy led to his imprisonment for eight months. After starting another school at Magdeburg in 1620, which failed, he became a wanderer.[3] In addition to Augsburg and Köthen, he put his method of instruction into operation in Amsterdam, Basel, Strassburg, Frankfurt, Weimar, and various other places.
His ideas were advanced for his time, but he lacked executive ability,[3] and his personality alienated both assistants and patrons. His influence upon his contemporaries and posterity was much greater than would be supposed from the failure of his own attempts to put his plan in practice. His work was overshadowed by that of the more successful Comenius. He died at Erfurt in 1635.
Bibliography
edit- Barnard, German Teachers and Educators (Hartford, 1878)
- Quick, Educational Reformers (New York, 1890)
- G. Vogt, Wolfgang Ratichius, der Vorgänger des Amos Comenius (Langensalza, 1894)
Notes
editThis article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (July 2013) |
- ^ J. B. Walmsley (2010). "Ratke, Wolfgang". In Margie Berns (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. Elsevier. p. 550. ISBN 978-0-08-096503-1.
- ^ Leichpredigt: Meyfart, Johann Matthäus: Programma Publicum In exequiis Clarissimi & Excellentissimi Viri Dn. Wolfgangi Ratichii, Didactici,... - 1635
- ^ a b c Chisholm 1911.
References
edit- Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
- Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). . Encyclopedia Americana.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ratke, Wolfgang". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 918.
External links
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