Wikipedia

Aligarh Muslim University

(Redirected from Women's College, Aligarh)

Aligarh Muslim University is a collegiate, central, and research university located in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, which was originally established by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875.[3][4] Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920, following the Aligarh Muslim University Act.[3]

Aligarh Muslim University
Urdu: علی گڑھ مسلم یونیورسٹی
Seal of the University
Other name
AMU
Former names
Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College (1875–1919)
Mottoʻallam al-insān-a mā lam yaʻlam
Motto in English
Taught man what he knew not (Qur'an 96:5)
TypePublic research university
Established1875; 149 years ago (1875)
FoundersSir Syed Ahmed Khan
AccreditationNAAC, NBA, UGC
AffiliationNIRF
Academic affiliations
ACU, AIU, AICTE, BCI, CCIM, COA, DCI, DGCA, ICAR, INC, NCTE, PCI, WES
Budget₹1,036 crore (US$120 million) (2019–20)[1]
ChancellorSyedna Mufaddal Saifuddin
Vice-ChancellorNaima Khatoon
RectorGovernor of Uttar Pradesh
Students39,367
Undergraduates12,610[2]
Postgraduates5,756[2]
252[2]
Location
Aligarh
,
Uttar Pradesh
,
India

27°54′54″N 78°04′44″E / 27.9150°N 78.0788°E / 27.9150; 78.0788
CampusUrban, 1,155 acres (467 ha)
Colours   
Sporting affiliations
NCC, NSS
Websiteamu.ac.in

The university offers more than 300 courses in traditional and modern branches of education, and is an institute of national importance as declared under seventh schedule of the Constitution of India at its commencement.[5]

In the case concerning Aligarh Muslim University's (AMU) minority status, a 7-judge Supreme Court bench (by a 4:3 majority) overturned the 1967 ruling in S. Azeez Basha vs. Union of India, holding that an institution incorporated by statute cannot claim to be a minority institution.[6][7][8]

University Campuses

edit

History

edit
Main article: History of Aligarh Muslim University
 
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, the founder of Aligarh Muslim University
 
Bab-e-Syed, entrance to the university

Funding

edit

The university was established as the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875 by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan.[3][9] It began to function on 24 May 1875.[10] The movement associated with Syed Ahmad Khan and the college came to be known as the Aligarh Movement, which pushed to realise the need for establishing a modern education system for the Indian Muslim populace.[11] He considered competence in English and Western sciences necessary skills for maintaining Muslims' political influence and Khan's vision for the college was based on his visit to Oxford University and Cambridge University, and he wanted to establish an education system similar to the British model.[12]

A committee was formed by the name of foundation of Muslim College and asked people to fund generously. Then Viceroy and Governor General of India, Thomas Baring gave a donation of ₹10,000 while the Lt. Governor of the North Western Provinces contributed ₹1,000, and by March 1874 funds for the college stood at ₹1,53,920 and 8 annas.[10] Maharaja Mahindra Singh Saab Bahadur of Patiala contributed ₹58,000 while Raja Shambhu Narayan of Benaras donated ₹60,000.[13] Donations also came in from the Maharaja of Vizianagaram as well.[14] The college was initially affiliated to the University of Calcutta for the matriculate examination but became an affiliate of Allahabad University in 1885.[10] The seventh Nizam of Hyderabad, HEH Mir Osman Ali Khan made a remarkable donation of ₹5,00,000 to this institution in the year 1918.[15][16][17]

Establishment as university

edit
 
Masjid at the Aligarh Muslim University

c. 1900, Muslim University Association was formed to spearhead efforts to transform the college into a university. The Government of India informed the association that a sum of rupees thirty lakhs should be collected to establish the university. Therefore, a Muslim University Foundation Committee was started and it collected the necessary funds. The contributions were made by Muslims as well as non-Muslims.[18] Mohammad Ali Mohammad Khan and Aga Khan III had helped in realising the idea by collecting funds for building the Aligarh Muslim University.[19] With the MAO College as a nucleus, the Aligarh Muslim University was then established by the Aligarh Muslim University Act, 1920.[12][20] In 1927, the Ahmadi School for the Visually Challenged, Aligarh Muslim University was established and in the following year, a medical school was attached to the university. The college of unani medicine, Ajmal Khan Tibbya College was established in 1927 with the Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College Hospital being established later in 1932.[21] The Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College And Hospital was established later in 1962 as a part of the university.[22] In 1935, the Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology was also established as a constituent of the university.[23]

Before 1939, faculty members and students supported an all-India nationalist movement but after 1939, political sentiment shifted towards support for a Muslim separatist movement. Students and faculty members supported Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the university came to be a center of the Pakistan Movement.[24][25]

Women's education

edit

Sheikh Abdullah ("Papa Mian") is the founder of the women's college of Aligarh Muslim University and had pressed for women's education, writing articles while also publishing a monthly women's magazine, Khatoon. To start the college for women, he had led a delegation to the Lt. Governor of the United Provinces while also writing a proposal to Sultan Jahan, Begum of Bhopal. Begum Jahan had allocated a grant of ₹ 100 per month for the education of women. On 19 October 1906, he successfully started a school for girls with five students and one teacher at a rented property in Aligarh.[26] The foundation stone for the girls' hostel was laid by him and his wife, Waheed Jahan Begum ("Ala Bi") after struggles on 7 November 1911.[26] Later, a high school was established in 1921, gaining the status of an intermediate college in 1922, finally becoming a constituent of the Aligarh Muslim University as an undergraduate college in 1937.[27] Later, Abdullah's daughters also served as principals of the women's college.[26] One of his daughters was Mumtaz Jahan Haider, during whose tenure as principal, Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad had visited the university and offered a grant of ₹9,00,000. She was involved in the establishment of the Women's College, organised various extracurricular events, and reasserted the importance of education for Muslim women.[28]

The professional courses are run with co-educational system. Girls students are accommodated in well established six Halls of residence where they have all facilities of living and studies. The Hostels inside these Halls are equipped with reading rooms, common rooms, sports facilities, dining hall, etc.

Minority institution status

edit

Aligarh Muslim University is considered to be an institution of national importance, under the seventh schedule of the Constitution of India.[29][30] In 1967, a constitution bench of the Supreme Court had held that the university is not a minority educational institution protected under the Indian constitution; the verdict had been given in case to which the university was not a party.[31] In 1981, an amendment was made to the Aligarh Muslim University Act, following which in 2006 the Allahabad High Court struck down the provision of the act which accorded the university minority educational institution status.[32] In April 2016, the Indian government stated that it would not appeal against the decision.[33][34] In February 2019, the issue was referred by the Supreme Court of India to a constitution bench of seven judges.[32][31]

In November 2024, seven-judge bench of the Supreme Court, by a 4:3 majority, overruled a previous 1967 judgment in the case of S. Azeez Basha vs. Union of India. The 1967 ruling had stated that an institution established by a statute, such as the Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), could not claim minority status. The Supreme Court verdict overturned this precedent, paving the way for AMU to potentially assert its rights as a minority institution. However, the final determination of AMU's minority status will be decided by a separate bench, which will examine the specific provisions of the AMU Act.[35]

Main Campus

edit
 
 
 
 
Clockwise: Syedna Taher Saifuddin School, Victoria Gate, Central Mosque, Sir Syed House

The campus of Aligarh Muslim University is spread over 467.6 hectares in the city of Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. The nearest railways station is the Aligarh Junction. It is a residential university with most of the staff and students residing on the campus. There are 19 halls of residence for students (13 for boys and 6 for girls) with 80 hostels.[36] The Halls are administered by a Provost and a number of teacher wardens who look after different hostels. Each Hall maintains a Dining Hall, a Common Room with facilities for indoor games, a Reading Room, Library, Sports Clubs and a Literary.[37] The Halls are named after people associated with the Aligarh Movement and the university.

Sir Syed Hall is the oldest Hall of the university. It houses many heritage buildings such as Strachey Hall, Mushtaq Manzil, Asman Manzil, Nizam Museum and Lytton Library, Victoria Gate, and Jama Masjid.[38]

The campus also maintains a cricket ground, Willingdon Pavilion, a synthetic hockey ground and a park, Gulastan-e-Syed.[39]

Other notable buildings in the campus includes the Maulana Azad Library, Moinuddin Ahmad Art Gallery, Kennedy Auditorium, Musa Dakri Museum, the Cultural Education Centre, Siddons Debating Union Hall and Sir Syed House.[40][41][42]

The main university gate is called Bab-e-Syed. In 2020 a new gate called Centenary Gate was built to celebrate the centenary year of the university.[43]

Organisation and administration

edit

Governance

edit

The university's formal head is the chancellor, though this is a titular figure, and is not involved with the day-to-day running of the university. The chancellor is elected by the members of the University Court. The university's chief executive is the vice-chancellor, appointed by the President of India on the recommendation of the court. The court is the supreme governing body of the university and exercises all the powers of the university, not otherwise provided for by the Aligarh Muslim University Act, and the statutes, ordinances and regulations of the university.[44]

In 2018, Mufaddal Saifuddin was elected chancellor and Ibne Saeed Khan, the former Nawab of Chhatari was elected the pro-Chancellor. Syed Zillur Rahman was elected honorary treasurer.[45] On 17 May 2017, Tariq Mansoor assumed office as the 39th vice-chancellor of the university.[46]

Faculties

edit
 
Student Union Hall, Aligarh Muslim University

Aligarh Muslim University's academic departments are divided into 13 faculties.[47]

  • Faculty of Agricultural Sciences
  • Faculty of Arts
  • Faculty of Commerce
  • Faculty of Engineering and Technology
  • Faculty of Law
  • Faculty of Life Sciences
  • Faculty of Medicine
  • Faculty of Management Studies and Research
  • Faculty of Science
  • Faculty of Social Sciences
  • Faculty of Theology
  • Faculty of International Studies
  • Faculty of Unani Medicine

Colleges

edit

Aligarh Muslim University maintains 7 colleges.[48]

  • Academic Staff College
  • Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College
  • Community College
  • Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College
  • Women's College
  • Zakir Hussain College of Engineering & Technology
  • Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College


In addition the university also maintains 15 Centres, 3 Institutes, 10 schools including Minto Circle and the Ahmadi School for the Visually Challenged[49] The university's Faculty of Theology has two departments, one for the Shi'a school of thought and another for the Sunni school of thought.[50]

Aligarh Muslim University has established three centres at Malappuram (Kerala), Murshidabad (West Bengal) and Kishanganj (Bihar), while a site has been identified for Aurangabad, (Maharashtra) centre.[51][52]

Academics

edit
 
Hostel, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh

Courses

edit

Aligarh Muslim University offers over 300 degrees and is organised around 12 faculties offering courses in a range of technical and vocational subjects, as well as interdisciplinary subjects. In 2011, it opened two new centres in West Bengal and Kerala for the study of MBAs and Integrated Law. The university has around 28,000 students and a faculty of almost 1,500 teaching staff. Students are drawn from all states in India and several different countries, with most of its international students coming from Africa, West Asia and Southeast Asia. Admission into the university is entrance based.[53]

 
Straghey Hall, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh

Rankings

edit
University and College rankings
General – international
ARWU (2022)[54]801–900
QS (World) (2023)[55]1001–1200
QS (Asia) (2023)[56]271–280
Times (World) (2023)[57]801–1000
Times (Asia) (2022)[58]201–250
Times (Emerging) (2022)[59]251–300
General – India
NIRF (Overall) (2023)[60]19
NIRF (Universities) (2023)[61]9
Engineering – India
NIRF (2024)[62]33
Medical – India
NIRF (2023)[63]28
Law – India
NIRF (2023)[64]14
Business/Management – India
NIRF (2023)[65]55
Architecture – India
NIRF (2023)[66]9
Dental – India
NIRF (2023)[67]31


Internationally, AMU was ranked 1001–1200 in the QS World University Rankings of 2023[55] and 271–280 in Asia.[56] It was ranked 801–1000 in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2023,[57] 201–250 in Asia in 2022[58] and 251–300 among emerging economies.[59] AMU was also ranked 901–1000 in the Academic Ranking of World Universities of 2022.[54]

In India, AMU was ranked 16th overall by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2024 and 8th among universities.[68]

Among government engineering colleges, the Zakir Hussain College of Engineering and Technology, the engineering college of the university, was ranked 33rd by the National Institutional Ranking Framework among engineering colleges in 2024.[62]

The Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, the medical school of the university, has been ranked 28th by National Institutional Ranking Framework in 2023.[63]

Libraries

edit
Main article: Maulana Azad Library
 
Maulana Azad Library, AMU

The Maulana Azad Library is the primary library of the university, consisting of a central library and over 100 departmental and college libraries. It houses royal decrees of Mughal emperors such as Babur, Akbar and Shah Jahan.[69] The foundation of the library was laid in 1877 at the time of establishment of the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College by Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton, then viceroy of India and it was named after him as Lytton Library. The present seven-storied building was inaugurated by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime Minister of independent India, in 1960 and the library was named after Abul Kalam Azad, popularly known as Maulana Azad, the first education minister of the independent India.[69][70]

The social science cyber library was inaugurated by Pranab Mukherjee, then President of India, on 27 December 2013.[71] In 2015, it was accredited with the International Organization for Standardization certification.[72]

Satellite Project

edit

The AMU Robo Club in November 2021 started working on the university's first satellite project. The project "SS AMU SAT" named after the university's founder Sir Syed Ahmed Khan,[73] was submitted to Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe) for its approval in January 2023. IN-SPACe approved the project on 28 October 2023.[74]

Student life

edit

Traditions

edit

Sherwani is worn by male students of the university and is a traditional attire of the university. It is required to be worn during official programs[75] The university provides sherwanis at a subsidized price.[76] In early 2013, Zameer Uddin Shah, the then Vice Chancellor of the university, insisted that male students have to wear sherwani if they wanted to meet him.[77]

 
Milad/Mawlid un Nabi celebrations at Aligarh Muslim University, India

Eid Milad un Nabi Celebrations are conducted regularly by the University under the Seerat Committee which organizs various literary competitions and speeches on the life and teachings of Prophet Muhammad. Mawlid is traditional festival observed since the time of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan. University building are lighted and decorated and students are served special fests on the occasion. special processions are brought to mark the day.[78]

The AMU Tarana or anthem was composed by poet and university student Majaz.[79] It is an abridged version of Majaz's 1933 poem "Narz-e-Aligarh".[80] In 1955, Khan Ishtiaq Mohammad, a university student, composed the song and it was adopted as the official anthem of the university. The song is played during every function at the university along with the National Anthem.[81]

Students' Union

edit
Main article: Aligarh Muslim University Students' Union

Aligarh Muslim University Students' Union (AMUSU) is the university-wide representative body for students at the university. It is an elected body.

Clubs and societies

edit

The university has sports and cultural clubs functioning under its aegis. The Siddons Union Club is the debating club of the university.[82] It was established in the year 1884 and was named after Henry George Impey Siddons, the first principal of the MAO college.[83] It has hosted politicians, writers, Nobel laureates, players, and journalists, including the Dalai Lama, Mahatma Gandhi, Abul Kalam Azad, Jawahar Lal Nehru.[84] Sporting clubs include the Cricket Club, Aligarh Muslim University[85] and the Muslim University Riding Club.[86]

Cultural Education Centre of the University hosts clubs run by teachers and students jointly for imparting various skills in the students. Drama club, Literary Club, Club for Short Evening Courses, Film Club, Music Club and Fine Arts Club etc.[87] The Raleigh Literary Society of the university hosts competitive events, plays, and performances,[88][89] including performances of Shakespeare's plays.[90] The society is named after Shakespeare critic Sir Walter Raleigh, who had served as the English professor at the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College from 1885 to 1887.[90]

The Law Society of Dept of Law, was founded in 1894 as a non-profit student organization. The society publishes law reviews and organizes events, both academic and social, from annual fest to freshers social and farewell party for final year students.[91][92]

AMU Journal

edit
 
Logo of AMU Journal

AMU Journal is an independent student and alumni-run educational community and media organization,[93][94] it was started in the year 2016 by a group of AMU Students to raise campus issues and to provide News and information about Happening Events inside the university but later it became an educational community. On 17 October 2021 AMU Journal website was re-launched by Public relations officer, Proctor and Deputy Proctor, Aligarh Muslim University in collaboration with the Training and Placement Office, AMU.[95]

In another important step, the AMU Journal launched Monthly Newsletter on the occasion of 206th birth anniversary of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan that coincided with 17 October 2023.[96]

Cultural festivals

edit

Every year the various clubs of the university organize their own cultural festivals. Two notable fests are the University Film Club's Filmsaaz and the Literary Club's AMU Literary Festival.

Old Boys' Association

edit

Old Boys' Association is the alumni network of the university. It was established in the year 1898 and has been statutory recognition under AMU, Act 1920.[97]

Notable alumni and faculty

edit
Main pages: List of Aligarh Muslim University alumni, Category:Academic staff of Aligarh Muslim University, and List of Chancellors and Vice-Chancellors of Aligarh Muslim University

Following is a list of alumni from the university.[98]

edit

Further reading

edit
  • Ahmad, Aijaz (2015). Aligarh Muslim University: An Educational and Political History, 1920–47. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-5085-3673-4.
  • Graff, Violette (11 August 1990). "Aligarh's Long Quest for 'Minority' Status: AMU (Amendment) Act, 1981". Economic and Political Weekly. 25 (32): 1771–1781. JSTOR 4396615.
  • Hasan, Mushirul; Qadri, Mohd. Afzal Husain (1 March 1985). "Nationalist and separatist trends in Aligarh, 1915–47". The Indian Economic & Social History Review. 22 (1): 1–33. doi:10.1177/001946468502200101. S2CID 144414983.
  • Syed Mujtaba Ali Bangladeshi Writer
  • Minault, Gail; Lelyveld, David (1974). "The Campaign for a Muslim University, 1898–1920". Modern Asian Studies. 8 (2): 145–189. doi:10.1017/S0026749X00005448. JSTOR 311636.
  • Noorani, A. G. (13 May 2016). "History of Aligarh Muslim University". The Frontline. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  • Ahmed, Fakhar Uddin Ali (2010). Arabic studies in educational institutions of Assam since 1947 (Thesis). India: Gauhati University. pp. 208–211.

References

edit
  1. ^ "Details of Expenditure - Classification for Budget Estimates 2019-20" (PDF). Aligarh Muslim University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  2. ^ a b c "NIRF India – Aligarh Muslim University" (PDF). 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Raychaudhuri, Sreerup (2021). "3. Reformers and educators". The Roots and Development of Particle Physics in India. Switzerland: Springer. pp. 19–52. ISBN 978-3-030-80305-6. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  4. ^ Devine, Mary Elizabeth; Summerfield, Carol (1998). "Aligarh Muslim University". International Dictionary of University Histories. Chicago: Routledge. pp. 18–20. ISBN 1884964230. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  5. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University offers more than 300 courses in the traditional and modern branches of education".
  6. ^ Bawa, Anmol Kaur (8 November 2024). "Minority Status Not Lost Merely Because Institution Was Created By Statute; AMU Minority Claim To Be Decided Based On Who Established It : Supreme Court By 4: 3". www.livelaw.in. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  7. ^ Kumar, Anuj (8 November 2024). "Minority status: Aligarh Muslim University celebrates 'historic' Supreme Court verdict". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  8. ^ Kumar, Anuj (8 November 2024). "Minority status: Aligarh Muslim University celebrates 'historic' Supreme Court verdict". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  9. ^ Muhammad Moj (2015). The Deoband Madrassah Movement: Countercultural Trends and Tendencies. Anthem Press. pp. 47–. ISBN 978-1-78308-388-6. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  10. ^ a b c Cementing Ethics with Modernism: An Appraisal of Sir Sayyed Ahmed Khan's Writings. Gyan Publishing House. 2010. ISBN 9788121210478. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
  11. ^ "Syed Ahmad Khan and Aligarh Movement". Jagranjosh.com. 12 October 2015. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  12. ^ a b "AMU History". Aligarh Muslim University. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2014.
  13. ^ "AMU Celebrates Its Links With BHU on Sir Syed's Bi-centenary". www.news18.com. 16 October 2017. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  14. ^ "History of Aligarh Muslim University". Frontline. 27 April 2016. Archived from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
  15. ^ "Nizam gave funding for temples, and Hindu educational institutions". missiontelangana. 28 May 2013. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  16. ^ "Nizam gave funding for temples, Hindu educational institutions". siasat. 10 September 2010. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  17. ^ "Nothing is more disgraceful for a nation than to throw into the oblivion its historical heritage and the works of its ancestors". 12 April 2016. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  18. ^ Express Tribune. "S. Azeez Basha And Anr vs Union Of India on 20 October, 1967". Archived from the original on 24 July 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  19. ^ Express Tribune (2 November 2013). "To sir with love: Aga Khan III – a tireless advocate for female education". Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  20. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University". Amu.ac.in. Archived from the original on 1 September 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  21. ^ "History of Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, Faculty of Unani Medicine, AMU". Aligarh Muslim University. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  22. ^ "Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College". Aligarh Muslim University. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  23. ^ "Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology". Aligarh Muslim University. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  24. ^ Mushirul Hasan, "Nationalist and Separatist Trends in Aligarh, 1915–47," Indian Economic and Social History Review, (January 1985) 22#1 pp. 1–33
  25. ^ "Flashback: Aligarh University – a glorius legacy". Dawn. 6 August 2011. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  26. ^ a b c Khan, Showkat Nayeem (22 May 2015). "The Other Sheikh Abdullah". The Greater Kashmir. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  27. ^ "History of Women's College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh". Aligarh Muslim University. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  28. ^ Alvi, Albeena (13 June 2019). "Mumtaz Jahan Haider: The First Principal Of Women's College Aligarh". Feminism in India. Archived from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  29. ^ "Seventh Schedule (Article 246) List 1 - Union List" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  30. ^ "Constituent Assembly of India - Volume IX". 30 August 1949. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  31. ^ a b "AMU issue referred to Constitution Bench". The Hindu. 12 February 2019. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  32. ^ a b "Minority Status to Aligarh Muslim University to be Decided by Supreme Court's 7-judge Bench". News18. 12 February 2019. Archived from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  33. ^ "AMU row: Centre to withdraw UPAs appeal, push for non-minority status". indiatoday.intoday.in. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  34. ^ Rautray, Samanwaya (4 April 2016). "Modi government seeks more time from SC to file application in Aligarh Muslim University case". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 29 June 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
  35. ^ Bawa, Anmol Kaur (8 November 2024). "Minority Status Not Lost Merely Because Institution Was Created By Statute; AMU Minority Claim To Be Decided Based On Who Established It : Supreme Court By 4: 3". www.livelaw.in. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
  36. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University :: Home". www.amu.ac.in. Archived from the original on 20 June 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  37. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University || Hostel". www.amu.ac.in. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  38. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University || Halls". www.amu.ac.in. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  39. ^ "North Zone Intervarsity Tournament begins at AMU". India Education Diary. 22 November 2019. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  40. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University || Sir Syed Academy". www.amu.ac.in. Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  41. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University || Musa Dakri Museum". www.amu.ac.in. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  42. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University time capsule update". www.telegraphindia.com. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  43. ^ "AMU VC urged to name centenary gate after Sardar Patel or Ambedkar or Ashfaqullah Khan". The Times of India. 25 September 2020. Archived from the original on 1 December 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  44. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University || Registrar Section". Amu.ac.in. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  45. ^ "AMU court elects Chancellor, Pro Chancellor and Treasurer". The Times of India. 2 December 2018. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  46. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University || Department Page". Aligarh Muslim University. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  47. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University - Faculties". www.amu.ac.in. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  48. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University - Colleges". www.amu.ac.in. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  49. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University – Faculties". Amu.ac.in. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  50. ^ Mustafa, Faizan (23 November 2017). "UGC's audit report on AMU demonstrates its ignorance of law". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  51. ^ Ganapatye, Shruti (3 November 2018). "Aligarh Muslim University renews idea for campus in state". Mumbai Mirror. Archived from the original on 20 June 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  52. ^ "Special Brochure for AMU Murshidabad and Malappuram Centres" (PDF). Aligarh Muslim University -. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 August 2012. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
  53. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University". Times Higher Education (THE). 17 September 2020. Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  54. ^ a b "2022 Academic Ranking of World Universities". Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. 2022.
  55. ^ a b "QS World University Rankings 2023". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 8 June 2022.
  56. ^ a b "QS Asia University Rankings 2023". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 8 November 2022.
  57. ^ a b "World University Rankings 2023". Times Higher Education. 2022.
  58. ^ a b "Asia University Rankings 2022". Times Higher Education. 2022.
  59. ^ a b "Emerging Economies University Rankings 2022". Times Higher Education. 2022.
  60. ^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2023 (Overall)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 5 June 2023.
  61. ^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2023 (Universities)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 5 June 2023.
  62. ^ a b "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2024 (Engineering)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 12 August 2024.
  63. ^ a b "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2023 (Medical)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 5 June 2023.
  64. ^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2023 (Law)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 5 June 2023.
  65. ^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2023 (Management)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 5 June 2023.
  66. ^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2023 (Architecture)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 5 June 2023.
  67. ^ "National Institutional Ranking Framework 2023 (Dental)". National Institutional Ranking Framework. Ministry of Education. 5 June 2023.
  68. ^ "NIRF Ranking 2024" (PDF).
  69. ^ a b "AMU at 5th spot on India Today Universities Rankings 2012". Indiatoday.intoday.in. Archived from the original on 21 May 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  70. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University || M.A. Library". Amu.ac.in. Archived from the original on 7 December 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  71. ^ "President of India inaugurates XXXVII Indian Social Science Congress". Batori.in. batori. 27 December 2013. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  72. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University 'cyberary' gets ISO certification". Business Standard India. 26 June 2015. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  73. ^ "Sir Syed Ahmed Khan: His Life And Contribution". ummid.com. 20 October 2009. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  74. ^ "AMU satellite project named after Sir Syed Ahmad Khan gets IN-SPACe nod". ummid.com. 28 October 2023. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  75. ^ "Is Lt Gen Zameeruddin Shah reviving 'Sherwani Culture' in AMU?". TwoCircles.net. Archived from the original on 14 October 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  76. ^ "For AMU students, wearing sherwani no issue". archive.indianexpress.com. 5 May 2013. Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  77. ^ Bhalla, Sahil (11 November 2014). "This isn't the first time the Aligarh Muslim University VC has said something outrageous". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  78. ^ https://amu.ac.in/news/2017/2/02/seerat-committee-amu-concludes-week-long-programme
  79. ^ "AMU Tarana or Anthem" (PDF). Aligarh Muslim University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  80. ^ "Read full nazm by Asrarul Haq Majaz". Rekhta. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  81. ^ Agha, Eram (17 October 2015). "Majaz's Tarana gets a remix". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 30 April 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  82. ^ "The Siddons Union Club". 20 February 2019. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
  83. ^ Agha, Eram (24 October 2014). "AMU: A students' union with no party allegiance". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  84. ^ "Hall of free speech at centre of portrait row". www.telegraphindia.com. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  85. ^ Guha, Ramachandra (2014). A Corner of a Foreign Field: The Indian History of a British Sport (New and Updated ed.). Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 9789351186939. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  86. ^ "Galloping to glory". The Hindu. 26 February 2011. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  87. ^ https://www.amu.ac.in/centres/cultural-education-centre/cultural-clubs
  88. ^ Siddiqui, Mohammad Asim (8 December 2016). "Political Adaptations: Raleigh Literary Society's "Waiting for Godot" and "Hayadavana"". The Theatre Times. Archived from the original on 14 September 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  89. ^ "Raleigh Literary Society of AMU organises a series of competitions". Aapka Times. 25 February 2017. Archived from the original on 2 November 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  90. ^ a b Siddiqui, Mohammad Asim (22 April 2016). "Aligarh and its Shakespeare wallahs". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 24 April 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  91. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University || Law Society". www.amu.ac.in. Archived from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  92. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University Vice Chancellor releases Law Society Review and Newsletter". India Education Diary Bureau. 1 November 2019. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  93. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University Student Start Online Portal to Disseminate AMU-Related News". News18. Archived from the original on 1 November 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  94. ^ "oficial AMU Journal website". amujournal.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  95. ^ "Aligarh Muslim University launches student run AMU journal's website". Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  96. ^ "AMU Journal launches 1st student-run Newsletter in collaboration with TPO AMU". ummid.com. 21 October 2023. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  97. ^ "Official website AMU Old Boys Association | Alumni aligarh Muslim University". amuoldboysassociation.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
  98. ^ "Prominent Alumni Aligarh Muslim University" (PDF). www.amu.ac.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  99. ^ "Syed Mujtaba Ali – the Pioneer of the Language Movement | BeAnInspirer". 13 September 2017. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  100. ^ "Syed Mujtaba Ali as a Rebel". 7 March 2015. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  101. ^ "Syed Tufail Ahmad Manglori". The Milli Gazette. 26 November 2013. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  102. ^ "Encyclopædia Britannica- Biography". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  103. ^ "Hamid Ansari: From diplomat to Vice-President". Firstpost. 8 August 2012. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  104. ^ "Arif Mohammad Khan a good orator". Hindustan Times. 3 September 2019. Archived from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2019.
  105. ^ "Anwara Taimur – The First Lady CM of Assam". sevendiary.com. 21 February 2013. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  106. ^ "Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah". Britannica. Britannia. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
  107. ^ "The life and career of Mufti Mohammad Sayeed". India Today. Jammu. 7 January 2016. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
  108. ^ Sameer (28 September 2020). "AMU alumnus Dr Bushra Ateeq wins India's highest science award". The Siasat Daily – Archive. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  109. ^ "Some hearts still beat for hockey here". India Today. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  110. ^ Sengupta, Somnath (9 November 2018). "Majid Bishkar And Jamshid Nassiri : Indian Football's Iconic Iranian Duo". Goalden Times. Archived from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  111. ^ "Mohammad Habib Hall". Aligarh Muslim University. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  112. ^ "Borel, Armand" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  113. ^ "Mufti Mohammad Sayeed – A suave politician". The Indian Express. 7 January 2016. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  114. ^ Mayurbhanji, Muhammad Rūhul Amīn (16 September 2023). "Prof. Maulana Sayed Kafeel Ahmed Qasmi: Biographical Sketch". qindeelonline.com (in Urdu). Qandeel Online. Archived from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
  115. ^ Siddiqui, Mohammad Asim (3 March 2016). "'Aligarh' goes beyond Aligarh". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
  116. ^ "Tigmanshu Dhulia to shoot at Aligarh Muslim University?". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 15 March 2014. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  117. ^ "Aligarh review: Manoj Bajpayee touches your heart, changes perceptions". Hindustan Times. 25 February 2016. Archived from the original on 24 March 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aligarh Muslim University.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aligarh_Muslim_University&oldid=1260259366#Women's_education"