Women in Brunei are women living in Brunei Darussalam. The U.S. Department of State has stated that discrimination against women is a problem in Brunei.[3]
 Two Bruneian women | |
| Gender Inequality Index[1] | |
|---|---|
| Value | 0.259 (2021) |
| Rank | 61st out of 191 |
| Global Gender Gap Index[2] | |
| Value | 0.680 (2022) |
| Rank | 104th out of 146 |
Legal rights
editThe law prohibits sexual harassment and stipulates that whoever assaults or uses criminal force, intending thereby to outrage or knowing it is likely to outrage the modesty of a person, shall be punished with imprisonment for as much as five years and caning. The law stipulates imprisonment of up to 30 years, and caning with not fewer than 12 strokes for rape. The law does not criminalise spousal rape; it explicitly states that sexual intercourse by a man with his wife, as long as she is not under 13 years of age, is not rape. Protections against sexual assault by a spouse are provided under the amended Islamic Family Law Order 2010 and Married Women Act Order 2010. The penalty for breaching a protection order is a fine not exceeding B$2,000 or imprisonment not exceeding six months.
There is no specific domestic violence law, but arrests have been made in domestic violence cases under the Women and Girls Protection Act. The police investigate domestic violence only in response to a report by a victim. The police were generally responsive in the investigation of such cases. The criminal penalty for a minor domestic assault is one to two weeks in jail and a fine. An assault resulting in serious injury is punishable by caning and a longer prison sentence.
A special unit staffed by female officers has been established within the police department to investigate domestic abuse and child abuse complaints. A hotline was available for persons to report domestic violence. The Ministry of Culture, Youth, and Sports' (MCYS) Department of Community Development provides counselling for women and their spouses. Based on individual circumstances, some female and minor victims were placed in protective custody while waiting for their cases to be brought to court. Islamic courts staffed by male and female officials offered counselling to married couples in domestic violence cases. Officials did not encourage wives to reconcile with flagrantly abusive spouses. Islamic courts recognise assault as grounds for divorce.
Couples and individuals have the right to decide the number, spacing, and timing of their children, and have access to contraceptive devices and methods through the government and private clinics. According to information gathered by the UN, in 2008 the maternal mortality rate was an estimated 21 deaths per 100,000 live births. Citizens enjoy free medical and health care, including skilled attendance during childbirth, prenatal care, and essential obstetric and postpartum care. Women had equal access to diagnostic and treatment facilities for sexually transmitted diseases. Women had equal access to HIV treatment and counselling, as well as follow-up treatment.
In accordance with the government's interpretation of Qur'anic precepts, Muslim women have rights similar to those of Muslim men in areas such as divorce and child custody. Islamic law requires that males receive twice the inheritance of women. Civil law permits female citizens to pass their nationality on to their children and to own property and other assets, including business properties. Women with permanent positions in the government can now apply for travel allowances for their children. They cannot do so for husbands working in the private sector. With this exception, they receive the same allowance privileges as their college-educated male counterparts. According to government statistics, women made up 57 percent of the civil service force and held 28 percent of senior management posts.
Reproductive rights
editAbortion in Brunei is largely illegal, with an exception if a woman's life is danger. Previously, the penalty for receiving an abortion was up to seven years in prison, with 10–15 years for the person performing the abortion.[4][5] In 2014, Brunei's government implemented Sharia criminal law in a series of phases which was set to increase the punishment for abortion to execution by stoning.[6] This part of the law was to come into effect in 2016,[7] although it's now expected to come into effect in 2018. In 2016, a 22 year old woman was sentenced to seven years in prison for obtaining an abortion using the abortion pill.[8]
Clothing norms
editMany Muslim women in Brunei wear traditional head coverings known as the tudong,[9] also spelled as tudung.
Gender roles
edit
In recent years, Bruneian women have started to assume "positions of responsibility" in the Government of Brunei. They are able to take jobs in the armed forces of Brunei; however they are not allowed to serve while in combat situations.[9] Hasimah Abu Bakar was the first woman to be promoted to lieutenant colonel in the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF) in 2006,[10] and Norsuriati Sharbini was the first to be assigned to colonel in the RBAF in 2021.[11][12]
Sex trafficking
editCitizen and foreign women and girls are sex trafficked in Brunei.[13][14][15][16]
References
edit- ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
- ^ "Global Gender Gap Report 2022" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
- ^ 2010 Human Rights Report: Brunei Darussalam
- ^ "Brunei abortion penal code". www.hsph.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
- ^ "Brunei Darussalam". Abortion Policies: A Global Review (DOC). Vol. Country Profiles. United Nations Population Division. 2002. Retrieved 14 March 2017.
- ^ Cohen, Sandy (6 May 2014). "Beverly Hills Hotel Boycotted Over Brunei's Sharia Penal Code". Huffington Post. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- ^ Ozanick, Bill (May 21, 2015). "The Implications of Brunei's Sharia Law". The Diplomat. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
- ^ "Youth in Abortion Case Set for Time in Jail, fine". www.brudirect.com. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
- ^ a b "Culture of Brunei Darussalam - history, people, traditions, women, beliefs, food, customs, family, social". www.everyculture.com. Retrieved 2017-06-25.
- ^ "Princess Hjh Masna presents eight women with special achievement awards". www.sultanate.com. 2008-08-20. Retrieved 2024-06-09.
- ^ Saerah Haji Abdul Ghani (2016-05-21). "Suntik semangat terus berjuang" (PDF). www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn (in Malay). Retrieved 2024-06-08.
- ^ Bachamiya A Hussainmiya (2012-01-01). "Royal Brunei Arrmed Forces 50th anniversary Commemorative History". RBAF 50th Golden Anniversary Commemorative Book. Southeastern University of Sri Lanka: 42.
- ^ "2019 Trafficking in Persons Report: Brunei". U.S. Department of State. 2019.
- ^ "Brunei intensifying efforts to better detect human trafficking cases". Asia News. August 27, 2018.
- ^ "Society has key role in fighting human trafficking". Borneo Bulletin. August 25, 2018.
- ^ "Three Thais jailed, face caning for forcing a 17-year-old girl into prostitution in Brunei". The Nation Thailand. April 7, 2016.
External links
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