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Union Station (Worcester, Massachusetts)

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Union Station is a railway station located at Washington Square in downtown Worcester, Massachusetts. It is the western terminus of the MBTA Commuter Rail Framingham/Worcester Line and a stop for the Amtrak Lake Shore Limited service. A bus terminal adjacent to the station is the hub for Worcester Regional Transit Authority (WRTA) local bus service; it is also used by PVTA, MART, Peter Pan, and Greyhound intercity buses.

Worcester
Worcester Union Station in September 2022
General information
Location2 Washington Square
Worcester, Massachusetts
Coordinates42°15′40″N 71°47′42″W / 42.26111°N 71.79500°W / 42.26111; -71.79500
Owned byWorcester Redevelopment Authority
Line(s)CSX Boston Subdivision / MBTA Worcester Main Line
CSX Worcester Branch / P&W Gardner Branch
P&W mainline
P&W Norwich Branch
Platforms1 island platform (Worcester Main Line)
2 unused island platforms (Worcester Branch)
Tracks4 (Worcester Main)
2 (Worcester Branch)
ConnectionsBus transport WRTA: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 42
Bus transport PVTA: B79
Bus transport MART: Clinton Worcester Commuter, Worcester Shuttle
Bus transport Greyhound, Peter Pan
Construction
Parking300 short-term spaces
Bicycle facilitiesYes
AccessibleYes
Other information
Station codeAmtrak: WOR
Fare zone8 (MBTA)
History
Opened1835
Rebuilt1875, 1909–1911, 1994–2000
Passengers
FY 20236,075 annual boardings and alightings[1] (Amtrak)
20181,298 weekday average boardings[2] (MBTA)
Services
Preceding station Amtrak Following station
Springfield
toward Chicago
 Lake Shore Limited Framingham
toward Boston South
Preceding station MBTA Following station
Terminus Framingham/​Worcester Line Grafton
toward South Station
Former services
Preceding station New York Central Railroad Following station
Jamesville
toward Albany
 Boston and Albany Railroad
Main Line
 North Grafton
toward Boston
Preceding station New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Following station
South Worcester
toward Providence
 Providence and Worcester Railroad Terminus
South Worcester
toward New London
 Norwich Branch
Terminus Worcester–​Fitchburg Lincoln Square
toward Fitchburg
Preceding station Boston and Maine Railroad Following station
Terminus Boston – Winchendon Lincoln Square
toward Winchendon
Worcester – Nashua Lincoln Square
toward Nashua
Worcester – Lowell Lincoln Square
toward Lowell
Worcester Union Station
Map
Built byWoodbury and Leighton Company, Boston[3]
ArchitectWatson & Huckel
Architectural styleBeaux Arts
Part ofBlackstone Canal Historic District (ID71000030)
NRHP reference No.80000617
Significant dates
Added to NRHP1980
Designated CPAugust 15, 1995

History

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Early stations

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Postcard view of Foster Street station

Worcester became a rail hub in the mid-19th century, with seven railroads serving the city:

All except the Western and the P&W used Foster Street station, located just north of Worcester Common.

The first Union Station

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The 1875-built Union Station in 1906

A union station was constructed east of Washington Square in 1875. Designed by Ware & Van Brunt, it was modeled after a Roman basilica and featured a 212-foot (65 m)-tall clocktower.[5] Most railroads in southern New England were consolidated into three systems in the later 19th century. Long rivals, the B&W and Western merged in 1867 to form the Boston and Albany Railroad, which became part of the New York Central Railroad system in 1900.[4]: 191  The Boston and Maine Railroad (B&M) acquired W&N successor Worcester, Nashua and Rochester Railroad in 1886, and the Fitchburg Railroad system including the Boston, Barre and Gardner in 1900.[4]: 230, 243  The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad acquired the New York, Providence and Boston Railroad system including the P&W in 1892, the Old Colony Railroad system including the F&W in 1893, and the New York and New England Railroad system including the N&W in 1898.[4]: 126, 168 

The second Union Station

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Union Station, circa 1920

Construction of a new Union Station on the southwest side of Washington Square began in 1909 as part of a grade separation project. The new station opened on June 4, 1911. It was designed by Watson & Huckel in a French Renaissance Revival style. Two 175-foot (53 m)-tall towers of white marble flanked the main entrance. The main waiting room featured an elliptical arched roof with stained glass. The towers were removed in 1926 due to structural issues.[5]

Although primarily served by local trains, Worcester was also a stop for intercity services. On the B&A, these included the New England States and the Boston section of the Wolverine. Joint New Haven–B&M service between New York City and Maine (Bar Harbor Express, Down Easter, East Wind, and State of Maine Express) passed between the two railroads at Worcester.

Passenger service slowly declined during the 20th century. Local service to New London, Connecticut, on the N&W ended in 1928, though it resumed in 1952. Local service to Winchendon and Ayer ended in 1953, to Providence around 1957, and to Albany in 1960. New York–Maine intercity service also ended in 1960, leaving Worcester served by only a handful of Albany–Boston intercity trains and Worcester–Boston local trains on the B&A, plus a daily New London round trip. The New Haven and the New York Central merged into Penn Central in 1968-69.

Amtrak took over intercity service on May 1, 1971. The B&A intercity service (an unnamed successor to the New England States) and the New London trip were dropped, though the New Haven–Boston Bay State began operating through Worcester weeks later.[6] Amtrak and Penn Central abandoned the main station building, using a small side building as a ticket office. The last commercial tenant left Union Station in 1972, and the structure fell into disrepair.[5]

The Bay State was discontinued in May 1975.[6] Commuter rail service between Worcester and Framingham (with no intermediate stops after 1960) was not subsidized by the MBTA; with just ten riders per day riding from Worcester, service was cut back to Framingham on October 27, 1975.[7][8] Amtrak began operating a Boston-Albany section of the Lake Shore Limited four days later. Amtrak constructed a small station building on the east side of Interstate 290 in 1975 or 1976.[5] Boston-New Haven (Inland Route) service was restored under the Bay State name in 1984, and ran in various forms until the early 2000s.[6]

Restoration

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The restored Grand Hall in 2022

The abandoned Union Station was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.[5] Some peak-hour MBTA Commuter Rail Framingham/Worcester Line service was extended to Worcester on September 26, 1994. Off-peak service was gradually added; weekend service began on December 14, 1996.[7] Union Station was acquired by the Worcester Redevelopment Authority in 1994 and completely renovated at a cost of $32 million. The station was restored and renovated by Finegold Alexander & Associates. The Grand Hall (the original waiting room), had its elliptical stained-glass ceilings, interior marble columns, and mahogany wood trim restored. Fiberglass towers were constructed to replace those removed in 1926.[9][5] Amtrak and MBTA service began using Union Station on June 20, 2000.[7][5]

An intercity and local bus terminal on the west side of the station, with five bus ports, was added at a cost of $5.2 million and opened in August 2006.[10] In April 2012, the Worcester Regional Transit Authority broke ground on a new regional transit hub adjacent to Union Station. The cost was $14 million, with $10 million coming from the Federal Government and the rest coming from the state.[11][12] The new hub opened in May 2013.[13]

Luciano's Cotton Club, a 1920s gangster-themed restaurant, is located in the Grand Hall.[14] The Cannabis Control Commission established their state headquarters in Union Station in 2019.[15] Amtrak Thruway bus service between Worcester and New Bedford, Massachusetts, connecting with Amtrak trains at Providence, was added in 2023.[16] Worcester Union Station is a proposed intermediate station for East-West Rail, which would provide intercity passenger service between Boston and Pittsfield.[17]

Second platform

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The new platform in operation in September 2024, with additional work ongoing

From 2000 to 2024, Union Station had a single high-level side platform several cars long. It was the only station on the line aside from the three limited-service Newton stations that could only be served by one train at a time – all other stations have two side platforms or an island platform. This limited the number of daily trains that could serve Worcester, and caused frequent cascading delays. After years of discussion about adding a second platform and extending the side platform to full length, the MBTA approved a two-year, $4 million design contract in October 2018.[18]

Design reached 30% in August 2019. The new 820-foot (250 m)-long island platform has an accessible footbridge at its east end, and stairs and an elevator into a converted storage room to provide direct access from the station building at its west end. A crossover east of the station was also built.[19] The full length of the new platform has a canopy.[20] In 2019, construction was estimated to cost between $40 and $48 million.[21] Plans at that time called for a temporary platform east of the I-290 overpass to be used while the west half of the new platform was constructed; the west half would then be used while the east half was built.[22]

In October 2020, $29.3 million in federal funding for the project was announced.[23] A $44.4 million construction contract was approved on October 27, 2021.[24] Notice to proceed was given on November 29, 2021, with completion then expected in December 2023.[25] The temporary platform was constructed over the weekend of March 12–13, 2022, and entered service on March 14. Contrary to previous plans, the entire new platform was built at the same time.[26] Construction was 40% complete by December 2022 and 70% complete by November 2023.[27][28] The new island platform opened on July 1, 2024, replacing the side platform. Demolition of the former side platform and other infrastructure was expected to last the remainder of the year. Total project cost was $74 million.[29]

References

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  1. ^ "Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2023: Commonwealth of Massachusetts" (PDF). Amtrak. March 2024. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  2. ^ Central Transportation Planning Staff (2019). "2018 Commuter Rail Counts". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority.
  3. ^ "Present Condition of Union Station". The Worcester Magazine. Worcester Massachusetts: Worcester Board of Trade. August 1910. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Karr, Ronald Dale (2017). The Rail Lines of Southern New England (2 ed.). Branch Line Press. ISBN 9780942147124.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Roy, John H. Jr. (2007). A Field Guide to Southern New England Railroad Depots and Freight Houses. Branch Line Press. pp. 275–277. ISBN 9780942147087.
  6. ^ a b c Humphrey, Thomas J.; Clark, Norton D. (1985). Boston's Commuter Rail: The First 150 Years. Boston Street Railway Association. pp. 21–28. ISBN 9780685412947.
  7. ^ a b c Belcher, Jonathan. "Changes to Transit Service in the MBTA district" (PDF). Boston Street Railway Association.
  8. ^ Saltzman, Jonathan (June 16, 2002). "Local Rail Service Has Rich History". The Boston Globe. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ "Union Station Intermodal Transportation Center". Finegold Alexander Architects.
  10. ^ "Union Station/Washington Square Project". worcesterculture.org. Archived from the original on February 4, 2005.
  11. ^ "Groundbreaking Ceremony for WRTA Transportation Hub". Worcester Regional Transit Authority Homepage. Worcester Regional Transit Authority. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
  12. ^ Bock, Linda (April 4, 2012). "New WRTA hub, maintenance garage in the wind". Worcester Telegram & Gazette. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
  13. ^ "Transportation Hub". Worcester Regional Transit Authority. December 13, 2014. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014.
  14. ^ "DEV Union Station". Archived from the original on June 14, 2009. Retrieved June 23, 2009.
  15. ^ "Cannabis Commission moves ahead with 10-year Worcester Union Station lease". Worcester Telegram. December 17, 2018.
  16. ^ "Amtrak Introduces New Round Trip Bus Service for New Bedford and Worcester, Mass. Via Providence" (Press release). Amtrak. August 3, 2023.
  17. ^ "Chapter 4 – Alternatives Development and Analysis". East-West Passenger Rail Study Final Report. Massachusetts Department of Transportation. January 2021.
  18. ^ Welker, Grant (October 1, 2018). "MBTA board approves Union Station platform expansion". Worcester Business Journal.
  19. ^ "MBTA Worcester Union Station Improvements & Associated Track Work: Stakeholder Meeting" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. June 6, 2019.
  20. ^ "Worcester Union Commuter Rail Station Accessibility Improvements and Associated Track Work" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. March 10, 2020.
  21. ^ Moulton, Cyrus (August 14, 2019). "Faster completion urged for Union Station center platform". Worcester Telegram.
  22. ^ Kelly, Maribel (March 10, 2020). "Worcester Union Station Accessibility and Infrastructure Improvements: Stakeholder Meeting" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority.
  23. ^ Hook, Douglas (October 28, 2020). "Worcester Union Station to receive almost $30 million for the improvement of commuter rail". MassLive.
  24. ^ Sullivan, Christopher (October 27, 2021). "MBTA Construction Services Contract No. X72CN01: Worcester Union Station Accessibility and Infrastructure Improvements: Construction Contract Award" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority.
  25. ^ "System-Wide Accessibility Initiatives—December 2021" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Department of System-Wide Accessibility. December 2021. p. 7.
  26. ^ "Alerts: Worcester". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. March 9, 2022. Archived from the original on March 11, 2022.
  27. ^ "System-Wide Accessibility Initiatives—December 2022" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Department of System-Wide Accessibility. December 6, 2022. p. 7.
  28. ^ "System-Wide Accessibility Initiatives—November 2023" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Department of System-Wide Accessibility. November 27, 2023. p. 7.
  29. ^ "MBTA Celebrates Opening of Worcester Union Station Center Platform" (Press release). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. July 9, 2024.
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