Xanthomonas pruni (syn. Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni, syn. Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) is a bacterial disease of almost all Prunus.
| Xanthomonas pruni | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Xanthomonadales |
| Family: | Xanthomonadaceae |
| Genus: | Xanthomonas |
| Species: | X. pruni
|
| Binomial name | |
| Xanthomonas pruni | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Hosts
editDistribution
editUnknown in stonefruit in California until detection in Sacramento and northern San Joaquin Valley in the spring of 2013.[1] As of 2017[update] it is still restricted to those two areas.[2] Also found in almond cultivation in Victoria, Australia.[3]
Detection
editPalacio-Bielsa et al., 2011 provides a SYBR Green I-based assay.[4]: 90
Management
editCopper[3] and mancozeb are recommended in California for almonds[2] and have served well elsewhere.[3] No pesticides are registered for almonds anywhere in Australia.[3]
Phage therapy has been heavily studied for X. pruni and some treatments have been very successful.[5][6] Civerolo & Keil performed several experiments in the 1970s with Xanthomonas pruni phage showing that peach and apricot were protected by external applications of solution.[7]
Resistance
editResistance to copper has occurred.[2] No copper resistance as of August 2017[update] in California.[2] Rotation or tank mixing is recommended to forestall resistance.[2]
References
edit- ^ a b Adaskaveg, J. E.; Holtz, B.; Duncan, R.; Doll, D. (December 2014). "Bacterial Spot of Almond in California – Update on the Disease and its Management". Sacramento Valley Almond News. UCANR. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
- ^ a b c d e "Bacterial Spot / Almond". UC Integrated Pest Management (UC IPM). UC Agriculture (UC ANR). August 2017.
- ^ a b c d Kreidl, Simone; Wiechel, Tonya; Faulkner, Peta; Tesoriero, Len; Edwards, Jacky. "Bacterial Spot of Almond (AL16005)" (PDF). Agriculture Victoria.
- ^ RajeshKannan, Velu; Bastas, Kubilay Kurtulus, eds. (2016). Sustainable Approaches to Controlling Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press. pp. xv–392. ISBN 978-1-4822-4054-2. OCLC 922843132.
- ^ Nagy, Judit; Király, Lóránt; Schwarczinger, Ildikó (2011-12-25). "Phage therapy for plant disease control with a focus on fire blight". Central European Journal of Biology. 7 (1). Versita: 1–12. doi:10.2478/s11535-011-0093-x. ISSN 2391-5412.
- ^ Varani, Alessandro M.; Monteiro-Vitorello, Claudia Barros; Nakaya, Helder I.; Van Sluys, Marie-Anne (2013-08-04). "The Role of Prophage in Plant-Pathogenic Bacteria". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 51 (1). Annual Reviews: 429–451. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-173010. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 23725471. S2CID 207644125.
- ^ Jones, J.B.; Jackson, L.E.; Balogh, B.; Obradovic, A.; Iriarte, F.B.; Momol, M.T. (2007-09-08). "Bacteriophages for Plant Disease Control". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 45 (1). Annual Reviews: 245–262. doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.45.062806.094411. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 17386003. S2CID 5855317.