The Peba–Yaguan language family (also Yaguan, Peban, Yáwan) is located in the northwestern Amazon, but today Yagua is the only remaining spoken language of the family.
| Peba–Yaguan | |
|---|---|
| Yawan, Peban | |
| Geographic distribution | western Amazon |
| Linguistic classification | Saparo–Yawan ?
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | peba1241 |
Internal structure
editFrench ethnologist Paul Rivet had suggested that the Peba–Yaguan family had been divided into two branches, with Yameo in one branch, and Peba and Yagua in the other.[citation needed] There is extremely little documentation of Yameo and Peba, both of which are now extinct, though the town Pebas on the Amazon River clearly takes its name from this group of people. The available documentation is largely due to the efforts of early Catholic missionaries, as summarized by Rivet.[citation needed]
Čestmír Loukotka (1968), a Czechoslovak linguist, also lists Masamae (Mazán, Parara) as part of the language family. It is spoken around the Mazán River in Loreto Department, Peru, and is most closely related to Yameo.[1]
Brazilian linguist Marcelo Jolkesky (2016) groups Peba and Yameo in one branch, and Yagua in another separate branch.[2]
Classification
editThere is no sound scientific evidence yet that the Peba–Yaguan family is related to any other family or stock of South America (in particular, there is no evidence for grouping it with Cariban languages). There has likely been contact between the Yaguas and Bora–Witotoan peoples, perhaps particularly during the era of the rubber-trade; this may account for some structural similarities between the languages (Doris Payne, linguist, forthcoming). Kaufman (2007) includes Sabela, Taushiro, and Omurano in his Yawan family.[citation needed]
Language contact
editJolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Kwaza, Zaparoan, and Nambikwaran language families due to contact.[2]
Vocabulary
editLoukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[1]
gloss Yagua Peba Yameo Masamae one tékí tomätaira pwitér poetinten two nanoxõ monomoira narámue three mungoá tamoimansa pwiterorineo head ori-nó rai-no wi-nátu nato ear o-tsiwá mi-tiwa wi-tíwẽ tooth o-xaná vi-ala wi-é man wánu komoley awára fire [h]ená föla óle aule sun iñi remelané natéra raitará earth mokané kapalé pópo popo maize lelú lolú ogung tapir nechá ameisha náse
Further reading
edit- Powlison, P. (1995). Diccionario Yagua - Castellano. (Serie Lingüística Peruana, 35). Lima: Ministerio de Educación and Summer Institute of Linguistics.
References
edit
- ^ a b Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- ^ a b Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Brasília.
- Payne, Doris L. forthcoming. Source of the Yagua classifier system.
- Catholic Encyclopedia article