Yanka is a Slavic name, a variation of the Serbo-Croatian Janko, Hebrew Janka, or Bulgarian Yanko. Notable people with the name include:
- Yanka Bryl, Belarusian writer
- Yanka Dyagileva (1966–1991), Russian poet and singer-songwriter
- Yanka Kanevcheva (1878–1920), Bulgarian revolutionary
- Yanka Kupala (1882–1942), pen name of Ivan Daminikavich Lutsevich, Belarusian poet and writer
- Yanka Maur (1883–1971), Belarusian writer
- Mar R. Yanka, alternative name of Natronai ben Nehemiah, Gaon of Pumbedita from 719 to 730