Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhoro (Sindhi: يار محمد ڪلهوڙو) was the subahdar of parts of Sindh, which he governed between 1701 and 1719. He was the first governor of the Kalhora dynasty and ruled for 18 years. In the initial nine years of his reign, Yar Muhammad expanded the territory under his dominion. The latter part of his rule was dedicated to solidifying his authority.[1] He was given the title of Nawab by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.[2]
| Yar Muhammad Kalhoro | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mian Nawab Khuda yar khan | |||||
 Yar Muhammad Kalhoro's Tomb | |||||
| Subahdar of Sindh | |||||
| Reign | 1701 – 1719 | ||||
| Predecessor | Deen Muhammad Kalhoro | ||||
| Successor | Noor Muhammad Kalhoro | ||||
| Born | 1678 Sindh | ||||
| Died | 1719 (aged 41-40) Thatta, Sindh, Kalhora Nawabate (present day Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan) | ||||
| Issue | Mian Noor Muhammad | ||||
| |||||
| House | Kalhora dynasty | ||||
| Father | Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro | ||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||
Yar Muhammad Kalhoro was responsible for the construction of Jamia Mosque in Khudabad.[citation needed] His tomb is sited 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) west of Khudabad.[3]
Yar Muhammad and Deen Muhammad were sons of Mian Nasir Muhammad Kalhoro who was succeeded by his elder son, Deen Muhammad Kalhoro, in 1692.[4] Later, Yar Muhammad Kalhoro became chieftain of the Kalhora clan[5][dead link] after his brother was imprisoned and killed in Multan jail by Prince Muiz-ud-Din Muhammad, the governor of Multan, in 1700. He was founder of Kalhora dynasty in Sindh.[6]
References
edit- ^ Cook, Matthew A. (1 January 2016). "Introduction". Annexation and the Unhappy Valley. Brill: 1–2. doi:10.1163/9789004293670_002. ISBN 978-90-04-29367-0.
- ^ Boivin, Michel (9 February 2021). "The Polyvalent Qadamgāh Imām ʿAlī In Hyderabad, Sindh: A Preliminary Study in Relics, Political Power, and Community Setup". Journal of Material Cultures in the Muslim World. 1 (1–2): 248–267. doi:10.1163/26666286-12340011. ISSN 2666-6278.
Sindh was one of those territories that managed to take advantage of the break-up of the Mughal Empire, to become a successor state. The Kalhoṛās were the governors of Sindh, and Aurangzeb bestowed upon Miyyān Yār Muḥammad Kalhoṛo (d. 1719) the title of nawāb.
- ^ "Mian Yaar Muhammad Kalhoro, Dadu". heritage.eftsindh.com. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
- ^ Siddiqui, Habibullah (1987). Education in Sind: Past and Present. Institute of Sindhology, University of Sind. ISBN 9789694050096.
- ^ "Tomb of Yar Muhammad Khan Kalhoro & mosque". antiquities.sindhculture.gov.pk. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
- ^ "297th death anniversary of founder of Kalhora Dynasty Yar Muhammad Kalhoro today". Archived from the original on 14 August 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
Further reading
edit- Ansari, Sarah F. D. (1992). Sufi Saints and State Power: The Pirs of Sind, 1843-1947. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–34. ISBN 978-0-521-40530-0.
