The Guinea Hog is an American breed of small black pig. Since 2006 it has officially been named the American Guinea Hog. Its origins are unknown; a connection to the Essex pigs of eastern England has been suggested.[4]: 192 It is apparently unconnected to an older pig also known as Guinea Hog or Red Guinea, which disappeared in the late nineteenth century.[5]: 606
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| Standard | American Guinea Hog Association |
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The American Guinea Hog is a rare breed with a black coat, sturdy body, curly tail and upright ears.
There are two types of Guinea hog in North America, small-boned and large-boned Guinea hogs, the latter having longer legs.[6] There is also a type of Guinea hog in South America.
History
editThe name derives from the belief that the origins of the Guinea hog were from African Guinea, but it's now thought that Guinea just implied small, like Guinea Cattle. Guinea Hogs and Guinea Cattle are both smaller breeds of domestic livestock.[7] The true African Guinea hogs are a large, red breed with upright ears, bristly hair and long tails, suggesting genetic influence of the Nigerian black or Ashanti pig.[8] They were brought to America on slave ships. Around 1804, Thomas Jefferson acquired some of these pigs, which had arrived from Africa via the Canary Isles. The original strain, although basically black, also had a hint of red and were consequently called "red Guineas"; that strain, well known at the beginning of the 19th century, is extinct.[8]
This breed, the American Guinea hog retained its black colour but lost the red tint and is sometimes called a black Guinea. These pigs were popular with subsistence farmers, not only through their ability to forage for themselves, but also because their habit of eating snakes made the farmyard safe for children and livestock.[9]
The breed fell out of favour after around 1880, and for a while was in danger of being entirely lost. The red Guinea no longer exists and its exact relationship with the American Guinea and what proportions of other breeds are in its background are not known for certain. However, that there is a relationship is shown by the occasional birth of a reddish pig to the normally bluish-black American Guinea parents. It is suspected that there were a number of distinct American Guineas in the past.[9] In 2005 the American Guinea Hog Association was formed which works to ensure its continued existence.[10][11] The Guinea hog is also included in Slow Food USA's Ark of Taste,[12] a catalog of heritage foods in danger of extinction.
The Chicago Lincoln Park Zoo for a number of years was home to several guinea hogs.[13]
Guinea Hogs as pets
editGuinea Hogs are one of many smaller breeds that are known to be kept as pets, though not as popular as the Potbelly pig or the Kunekune pig.[14]
References
edit
- ^ Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2020.
- ^ Guinea Hog. The Livestock Conservancy. Archived 13 January 2022.
- ^ Breed data sheet: Guinea Hog / United States of America (Pig). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed March 2022.
- ^ Janet Vorwald Dohner (2001). The Encyclopedia of Historic and Endangered Livestock and Poultry Breeds. New Haven, Connecticut; London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300088809.
- ^ Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
- ^ Kirk, p.103.
- ^ "AGHA".
- ^ a b Dohner, 2001.
- ^ a b "The Livestock Conservancy". livestockconservancy.org.
- ^ Nabhan et al., p.74.
- ^ Nabhan and Dohner 2001 have 1991, though the Association official website has 2005.
- ^ "Ark of Taste: Guinea Hog". Slow Food USA.
- ^ "American Guinea Hogs | Lincoln Park Zoo". www.lpzoo.org.
- ^ Malagon, Elvia. "Chicago man, self-described satanist, loses latest battle to remove 'In God We Trust' from U.S. money". chicagotribune.com.
Bibliography
edit- R. A. Donkin, "The peccary: with observations on the introduction of pigs to the New World", Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, American Philosophical Society, 1985 ISBN 0-87169-755-6.
- W. G. Kirk, "Swine production in the southeast", Journal of Animal Science, 1936b, pp. 103–106, American Society of Animal Science 1936.
- Gary Paul Nabhan, Deborah Madison, Makale Faber, Ashley Rood, Renewing America's Food Traditions: Saving and Savoring the Continent's Most Endangered Foods, Chelsea Green Publishing, 2008 ISBN 1-933392-89-4.