Spodoptera ornithogalli

Spodoptera ornithogalli
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Superfamily:	Noctuoidea
Family:	Noctuidae
Genus:	Spodoptera
Species:	S. ornithogalli
Binomial name
	Spodoptera ornithogalli; Guenée, 1852
Synonyms
	Prodenia eudiopta; Prodenia lineatella; Prodenia flavimedia; Prodenia ornithogalli; Spodoptera eudiopta; Spodoptera variolosa; Spodoptera flavimedia; Spodoptera lineatella;

Spodoptera ornithogalli (yellow-striped armyworm, cotton cutworm) is a moth of the family Noctuidae.

When first discovered this particular species was thought to be the American representative of S. littoralis as the two species have very similar forms. However, S. ornithogalli is known to have much darker color body with sharper markings.^[1]

Description

Illustration

The wingspan of the adult moth is 32–44 millimetres (1+1⁄4–1+3⁄4 in). The fore-wing is brown with tan markings and a blurry white stripe coming from the wing tip. The hind-wing is white with a thin brown margin. Larvae are black with thin yellow stripes on their sides.^[2]

Adults are on wing from April to November depending on the location.

Distribution

Geographic distribution

Europe

There were repeated port interceptions throughout 2020, especially on consignments of asparagus from the Americas.^[3] Nonetheless so far S. ornithogalli remains otherwise absent from Europe.^[3]^[4]

Denmark: Phytosanitation interceptions only.^[4]

Asia

Japan: Phytosanitation interceptions only.^[4]

Ecological distribution

For the complete list see EPPO GD's hosts list.^[5]

The larvae feed on various crops, including alfalfa, asparagus,^[5]^[3] bean,^[5]^[3] beet,^[5]^[3] cabbage, clover, maize/corn,^[5]^[3] cotton,^[5]^[3] cucumber, hops, grape, grass, jimsonweed, morning glory, onion, pea, peach, peanut, potato,^[5]^[3] sorghum,^[5]^[3] soybean,^[5]^[3] sunflower,^[5]^[3] sweet potato, Swiss chard, tobacco, tomato,^[5]^[3] turnip, wheat,^[5]^[3] watermelon, and wild onion; ornamentals including chrysanthemum^[5]^[3] and roses;^[5]^[3] and weeds including Amaranthus retroflexus,^[5]^[3] Chenopodium album,^[5]^[3] Datura stramonium,^[5]^[3] Erigeron canadensis,^[5]^[3] Plantago lanceolata,^[5]^[3] and Rumex.^[5]^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b Butler, Arthur G. (2009-04-24). "XX. Further notes on the synonymy of the genera of Noctuites". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 38 (4). Royal Entomological Society of London: 653–691. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1890.tb03033.x. ISSN 0035-8894.
^ Will, Kip; Gross, Joyce; Rubinoff, Daniel; Powell, Jerry A. (2020). Field Guide to California Insects. Oakland, California: University of California Press. pp. 386–387. ISBN 9780520288744.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co "Spodoptera ornithogalli". European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. 2020-09-02. Archived from the original on 2021-05-18. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw "Spodoptera ornithogalli (PRODOR)[World distribution]". European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. 2021-01-14. Retrieved 2021-02-02.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t "Spodoptera ornithogalli (PRODOR)[Host plants]". European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. 1984-07-16. Retrieved 2021-02-02.

[Butler-1890-1] Butler, Arthur G. (2009-04-24). "XX. Further notes on the synonymy of the genera of Noctuites". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 38 (4). Royal Entomological Society of London: 653–691. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1890.tb03033.x. ISSN 0035-8894.

[2] Will, Kip; Gross, Joyce; Rubinoff, Daniel; Powell, Jerry A. (2020). Field Guide to California Insects. Oakland, California: University of California Press. pp. 386–387. ISBN 9780520288744.

[EPPO-quarantine-alert-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co "Spodoptera ornithogalli". European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. 2020-09-02. Archived from the original on 2021-05-18. Retrieved 2021-02-02.

[EPPO-distro-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw "Spodoptera ornithogalli (PRODOR)[World distribution]". European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. 2021-01-14. Retrieved 2021-02-02.

[EPPO-hosts-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t "Spodoptera ornithogalli (PRODOR)[Host plants]". European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. 1984-07-16. Retrieved 2021-02-02.

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