Younuo (also spelled Yuno, Chinese: 优诺语 yōunuò; autonym: ʑou13 nɔ13) is a divergent Hmongic language spoken in Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County, Guangxi, China. Mao (2007:129) reports a total of approximately 4,000 speakers.
| Younuo | |
|---|---|
| Yuno | |
| ʑou13 nɔ13 | |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County, Guangxi, China |
Native speakers | (9,700 cited 1995)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | buh |
| Glottolog | youn1235 |
| ELP | Younuo Bunu |
 | |
Classification
editThe classification of Younuo within Hmongic is uncertain, although it may be more closely related to Pa-Hng or She. According to Mao (2007), Younuo is most closely related to Pa-Hng, and forms a branch with it. However, Hsiu's (2015, 2018)[2][3] computational phylogenetic study classifies Younuo as more closely related to She, Jiongnai, and Pana. Li (2018) also treats Younuo as closely related to She, Jiongnai, and Pana.[4]
Demographics
editLike Pa-Hng speakers, the Younuo are also called "Red Yao" 红瑶, which can refer to various Yao groups speaking different languages. Younuo speakers are also called Shanhua Red Yao 山话红瑶, and number about 4,600 people. Their neighbors, the Pinghua Red Yao 平话红瑶, speak a Pinghua dialect related to the Chinese varieties of Guibei Pinghua 桂北平话 and Shaozhou Tuhua, and number just over 10,000 people (Mao 2007).
Distribution
editYounuo is spoken in Heping township (和平乡), Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County, Guangxi, China, in the villages of Liutian 柳田 (including Xiaozhai 小寨), Jinjiang 金江, Xinlu 新禄, Jinkeng 金坑 (including Huangluo 黄落), and a few others (Mao 2007:129). The Red Yao of Longsheng County are also distributed in Sishui 泗水, Madi 马堤, and Jiangdi 江底 townships.
References
edit- ^ Younuo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Hsiu, Andrew. 2015. The classification of Na Meo, a Hmong-Mien language of Vietnam. Paper presented at SEALS 25, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- ^ Hsiu, Andrew. 2018. Preliminary classification of Hmongic languages. East Asian Language Phyla Project (EALPP).
- ^ Li, Yunbing 李云兵 (2018). Miao Yaoyu bijiao yanjiu 苗瑶语比较研究 (A comparative study of Hmong-Mien languages). Beijing: The Commercial Press 商务印书馆. ISBN 9787100165068. OCLC 1112270585.
External links
edit- Mao Zongwu [毛宗武]. 2007. Younuo yu yan jiu (A Study of Younuo) [优诺语研究]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社].
- Sealang.net
- ABVD: Younuo (Xiaozhai) word list
- Younuo basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database