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Nanxiong Formation

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The Nanxiong Formation (also known as Yuanpu Formation) is a Late Cretaceous geologic formation in Guangdong Province. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

Nanxiong Formation
Stratigraphic range: Maastrichtian
66.7 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesShanghu Formation
OverliesJurassic granite basement, Changba Formation (Nanxiong Group)
Thickness~300 m (980 ft)
Several kilometers (Nanxiong Group)
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, siltstone, mudstone
OtherLimestone, conglomerate
Location
Coordinates23°30′N 114°54′E / 23.5°N 114.9°E / 23.5; 114.9
Approximate paleocoordinates23°48′N 110°30′E / 23.8°N 110.5°E / 23.8; 110.5
RegionGuangdong Province
Country China
ExtentNanxiong Basin
Nanxiong Formation is located in China
Nanxiong Formation
Nanxiong Formation (China)
Nanxiong Formation is located in Guangdong
Nanxiong Formation
Nanxiong Formation (Guangdong)

Description

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It consists of continental siliciclastic red beds, with fauna which similar to that of the Nemegt Formation. It has been dated to about 66.7 ± 0.3 million years ago.[1] It is the lowest unit of the Nanxiong Basin, a small graben created during Mesozoic rifting.[2] Buck et al. state that it overlies Jurassic granite basement, and is conformably overlain by the Shanghu Formation.[1] Alternative stratigraphic schemes for the Nanxiong basin have been proposed,[3] one of which refers to the Nanxiong succession as the Nanxiong Group, and dividing it into the Yuanfu, Zhutian and Zhenshui formations, and overlying the Albian to Turonian Changba Formation.[4]

Paleobiota of the Nanxiong Formation

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Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Crocodilians

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Crocodilians
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Jiangxisuchus[5] J. nankangensis Nearly complete skull and mandible A crocodyloid

Lizards

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Lizards
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Chianghsia[6] C. nankangensis A partial skull and lower jaws A monstersaurian lizard
Tianyusaurus[7] T. zhengi A skull, mandible, first eight cervical vertebrae and nearly complete pectoral girdles A polyglyphanodontian lizard, also known from the Qiupa Formation
 

Turtles

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Turtles
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Jiangxichelys[8] J. ganzhouensis A complete shell A nanhsiungchelyid turtle
Nanhsiungchelys[9] N. wuchingensis A partial skeleton A nanhsiungchelyid turtle[10]
Oolithes[11][10] O. elongatus, O. nanhsiungensis, O. rugustus and O. spheroides. Egg and egg clutches. Some of these were probably laid by Nanhsiungchelys.[11][10] Turtle and/or theropod eggs
 

Dinosaurs

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Ornithischians

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Hadrosaurs
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Hadrosaurs of the Nanxiong Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Microhadrosaurus[11] M. nanshiungensis Partial lower jaw from a juvenile that was about 2.6 m long A nomen dubium hadrosaur taxon.[4]
Hadrosauropodus isp.[4] Indeterminate Three-toed footprints[4] A hadrosaur

Sauropods

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Sauropods of the Nanxiong Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Gannansaurus[12] G. sinensis A single, nearly complete dorsal vertebra and a mid-caudal vertebra A sauropod closely related to Euhelopus
 
Jiangxititan[13] J. ganzhouensis The three posteriormost cervical vertebrae with two cervical ribs, articulated with the first four dorsal vertebrae with three dorsal ribs A somphospondylan of controversial affinities; originally described as a derived lognkosaurian titanosaur, later analyses recovered a more basal, non-titanosaurian position more likely.[14]
 

Theropods

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Oviraptorosaurs
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Oviraptorosaurs of the Nanxiong Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Banji[15] B. long Nearly complete skull and lower jaw An oviraptorid
 
Corythoraptor[16] C. jacobsi Nearly complete skeleton including the skull and lower jaw An oviraptorid with a distinct cassowary-like crest
 
Elongatoolithidae indet. Indeterminate Three eggs with embryonic remains.[17] Oviraptorid eggs
 
Ganzhousaurus[18] G. nankangensis Lower jaw, leg bone, hip bone and caudal vertebrae A transitional oviraptorid with both basal and derived traits
 
Huanansaurus[19] H. ganzhouensis Nearly complete skull, lower jaws, neck vertebrae, a humerus, arm fragments, lower part of the right thighbone, the upper part of the right shinbone, and parts of the right foot An oviraptorid
 
Jiangxisaurus[20] J. ganzhouensis Incomplete skull, lower jaw, vertebrae, nearly complete pectoral girdle, the left forelimb, ribs, and a partially preserved pelvic girdle An oviraptorid
 
Macroolithus Indeterminate Five egg clutches containing over 60 eggs.[21] Oviraptorid eggs
 
Indeterminate Three eggs with embryonic remains.[22] Oviraptorid eggs  
M. yaotunensis Two eggs with embryonic remains.[23] Oviraptorid eggs. Skeletal proportions resemble Heyuannia huangi
M. yaotunensis A nest of 24 eggs associated with an adult oviraptorid.[24] Oviraptorid eggs
Nankangia[25] N. jiangxiensis A partial lower jaw, vertebrae, both scapulocoracoids, a nearly complete right humerus, pubic bones, and some dorsal ribs An oviraptorid
 

Oviraptoridae indet.

Indeterminate A female individual preserving the pelvic girdle, some caudals and two eggs inside the abdominal cavity.[26] A pregnant oviraptorid
Indeterminate A nesting adult over a nest of eggs, preserving cervical vertebrae, arms and the pelvic region.[24] An oviraptorid that represents the fifth nesting taxon
Indeterminate A female individual preserving a partial pelvic girdle, hindlimbs and some caudals with two eggs associated near the pelvic region.[27] A pregnant oviraptorid
Shixinggia[28] S. oblita Sparse postcranial remains lacking the skull An oviraptorid
Tongtianlong[29] T. limosus Almost complete skeleton, portions of the arms, right leg, and tail were destroyed by TNT blasts An oviraptorid, the pose indicates that it may have died trying to free itself from mud
 


Therizinosaurs
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Therizinosaurs of the Nanxiong Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Nanshiungosaurus N. brevispinus Eleven cervical vertebrae, ten dorsal vertebrae, six sacral vertebrae and the pelvis.[11][30] A therizinosaurid
 
Tyrannosaurs
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Tyrannosaurs of the Nanxiong Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Asiatyrannus[31] A. xui A skull, partial legs, and fragmentary caudal vertebrae A small-bodied tyrannosaurine
 
Qianzhousaurus[32] Q. sinensis A skull, lower jaw, vertebrae, both scapulocoracoids, a left femur and a left tibia A tyrannosaurid, could represent a third species of Alioramus[33]
 

Tyrannosauridae indet.

Indeterminate Two isolated teeth.[11] A tyrannosaurid
Indeterminate Large and well-preserved tooth.[34] A tyrannosaurid
Other Theropods
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Genus Species Material Notes Images

Theropoda indet.

Indeterminate A maxillary tooth that differs from tyrannosaurid and carcharodontosaurid dentition.[34] A notably large theropod
Indeterminate Isolated dorsal vertebra.[11] A theropod

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Buck, B. J.; Hanson, A. D.; Hengst, R. A.; Shu-sheng, H. (2004). ""Tertiary Dinosaurs" in the Nanxiong Basin, Southern China, Are Reworked from the Cretaceous". The Journal of Geology. 112 (1): 111–118. Bibcode:2004JG....112..111B. doi:10.1086/379695. S2CID 12866840.
  2. ^ Lucas, Spencer G.; Kirkland, James I.; Estep, John W. (1998). "Vertebrate biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Cretaceous of China". Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems: Bulletin 14. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. p. 14.
  3. ^ Yan, Yi; Xia, Bin; Lin, Ge; Cui, Xuejun; Hu, Xiaoqiong; Yan, Pin; Zhang, Faqiang (April 2007). "Geochemistry of the sedimentary rocks from the Nanxiong Basin, South China and implications for provenance, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate at the K/T boundary" (PDF). Sedimentary Geology. 197 (1–2): 127–140. Bibcode:2007SedG..197..127Y. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.09.004. ISSN 0037-0738. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-07-21.
  4. ^ a b c d Xing, L.; Lockley, M. G.; Li, D.; Klein, H.; Ye, Y.; Scott Persons IV, W.; Ran, H. (2017). "Late Cretaceous ornithopod-dominated, theropod, and pterosaur track assemblages from the Nanxiong Basin, China: New discoveries, ichnotaxonomy, and paleoecology" (PDF). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 466: 303−313. Bibcode:2017PPP...466..303X. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.11.035.
  5. ^ Chun Li; Xiao-chun Wu; Scott Rufolo (2018). "A new crocodyloid (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous of China". Cretaceous Research. 94: 25–39. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.09.015. S2CID 133661294.
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