Yun Ung-ryeol (Korean: 윤웅렬; Hanja: 尹雄烈; 18 May 1840[1] – 22 September 1911) was a Korean general and politician during the Joseon and Korean Empire periods. He was a member of the Gaehwa Party and a pro-Japanese scholar-official. He is also known as Yun Woong Niel or Yun Ung-nyeol.[2] His art name was Bangye (반계; 磻溪).
| Yun Ung-nyeol | |
.jpg) Yun Ung-nyeol (left) and a friend attired in traditional Korean clothing. The two are engaged in a game of "Go-ban" (oriental chess) in one of the rooms of Yun's home in Seoul c. 1903. | |
| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 윤웅렬 |
| Hanja | 尹雄烈 |
| Revised Romanization | Yun Ung-ryeol |
| McCune–Reischauer | Yun Ungnyŏl |
| Art name | |
| Hangul | 반계 |
| Hanja | 磻溪 |
| Revised Romanization | Bangye |
| McCune–Reischauer | Pangye |
| Courtesy name | |
| Hangul | 영중 |
| Hanja | 英仲 |
| Revised Romanization | Yeongjung |
| McCune–Reischauer | Yongjung |
Biography
editYun Ung-nyeol was a member of one of the prominent yangban families of Korea, the Haepyeong Yun clan (해평 윤씨; 海平 尹氏). His family was considered wealthy,[3] which his father had paved the way to prominence by himself. From his early age, Yun and his younger brother were famous for their great physical abilities.[4]
At the age of 17, Yun went to Seoul by himself and took the Gwageo Military Examination, and passed the exam, making him an official.[4]
From 1881, Yun was in charge of the new army of Joseon Dynasty, also known as the Pyŏlgigun. As a member of the Gaehwa Party, Yun participated in the Gapsin Coup. After the short-lived new government was formed, Yun was appointed as Minister of Justice, and Vice mayor of Seoul.[5]
In 1904, Yun Ung-nyeol was appointed as the Korea's Minister of War.[6] On 30 September 1904, Yun was appointed as the Chief of Staff of Korean Empire[7] but he resigned on 30 January 1905 making him the last incumbent.[8] He died in 1911, aged 71.
In modern Korean historiography, General Yun has been designated one of the Chinilpa or pro-Japanese activists of the 1900s (decade).[9]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ In lunar calendar, Yun was born on 17 April 1840
- ^ Emory University, Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library (MARBL): Yun Ch'i-ho papers, 1883-1943
- ^ "100 Koreans Freed; But Baron Yun Chi-ho and Other Prominent Men Are Found Guilty," New York Times. March 21, 1913.
- ^ a b 최혁 주필의 전라도 역사이야기. 남도일보 (in Korean). 2017-07-23. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
- ^ 윤웅렬(尹雄烈). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-04-06.
- ^ Speer, Robert E. (1905). "Korea, Japan and Russia," p. 60.
- ^ 조선-대한제국 관보. "9月30日".
- ^ 조선·대한제국 관보. "參謀部副長尹雄烈辭職疏".
- ^ (in Korean) 2006년도 조사보고서 II - 친일반민족행위결정이유서, p. 257~262 친일반민족행위진상규명위원회, 11-1560010-0000002-10, 2006; n.b., investigative report II - pro-Japanese anti-national act decisive reasons, p. 257~262 pro-Japanese anti-national act truth close examination committees.
References
edit- Kranewitter, Rudolf. (2005). Dynamik der Religion Schamanismus, Konfuzianismus, Buddhismus und Christentum in der Geschichte Koreas von der steinzeitlichen Besiedlung des Landes bis zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts. Münster: LIT Verlag. ISBN 978-3-825-88628-8; OCLC 181472594
- Leibo, Steven A. (2006). East and Southeast Asia. Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications. OCLC 61691567
- Speer, Robert E. (1905). "Korea, Japan and Russia," in The Ideal Home Educator: a Superb Library of Useful Knowledge. Chicago: Bible House. OCLC 17303311
- Wells, Kenneth M. (1991). New God, New nation: Protestants and Self-Reconstruction Nationalism in Korea, 1896-1937. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 9780824813383; OCLC 216760168