Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: اوزدمیر اوغلی عثمان پاشا, lit. 'Osman Pasha, the son of Özdemir'; 1526 – 29 October 1585) was an Ottoman statesman and military commander who also held the office of grand vizier for one year.
Osman | |
|---|---|
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| Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire | |
| In office 28 July 1584 – 29 October 1585 | |
| Monarch | Murad III |
| Preceded by | Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha |
| Succeeded by | Hadim Mesih Pasha |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1526 Cairo, Egypt Eyalet, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 29 October 1585 Tabriz, Safavid Iran |
| Resting place | Diyarbakır, Turkey |
| Nationality | .svg){kind=small} Turkish[1] |
| Spouse | Shamkhal's niece |
| Relations | Özdemir Pasha (father) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Ottoman Empire |
| Branch/service | Ottoman Army |
| Years of service | 1578–1585 |
| Rank | Serdar (field marshal) |
| Battles/wars | Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590) |
Origin
editOsman's father, Özdemir, was a Turk from Dagestan.[2] After the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517, the former Mamluk soldier had accepted the Ottoman dominance and became part of Ottoman bureaucracy and military. After the Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean, he was appointed as the beylerbey (governor-general) of Habesh Eyalet (the coastal strip of Eritrea and Sudan).
Osman was born in 1526 in Cairo, a part of Egypt Eyalet (province) of the Ottoman Empire.
Early years
editOsman was appointed to various posts in Egypt by the porte. After his father's death in 1561, Osman continued as the governor of Habesh Eyalet for 7 years. In 1569, he was appointed as the governor of Yemen and in 1573, as the governor of Diyarbekir Eyalet (modern Diyarbakır, Turkey).[3][4]
Battles
editWhile in Diyarbekir, he was assigned to join the army during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590). His troops fought well and contributed much to the victory during the Battle of Çıldır. After the battle, he was assigned to organize the newly conquered territories in the Caucasus. While establishing an effective Ottoman administration, he also had to fight against Persians who were trying to regain their losses.[5] In 1583, he fought against a Persian army in Baştepe a location in North Caucasus (modern Dagestan Republic of Russia) in a three-day clash named Battle of Torches, (named so because the battle continued into the night). He defeated the Persian army and secured Ottoman presence in the Caucasus.[6]
His next mission was dethroning the Crimean khan Mehmed II Giray, who was an unreliable vassal, and enthroning a new khan, in which he was also successful. Then, from Crimea he sailed to Istanbul, the capital, where he was praised by the Sultan Murad III.[7]
Last years
editOn 28 July 1584, he was promoted to be the grand vizier, also keeping the title of high commander of the army (Turkish: serdar). Next year, he was again at the battle front. He conquered Tebriz, West Iran. However, a few weeks later on 29 October 1585, he fell ill and died. He was buried in Diyarbekir.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Danişmend (1971), p. 22. (Turkish)
- ^ Osmanlı Devlet Erkanı, I.Hami Danişmend (1971), p. 22. (Turkish)
- ^ Biography of Osman Pasha (in Turkish)
- ^ Ayhan Buz: Osmanlı Sadrazamları, Neden Kitap, İstanbul, 2009, ISBN 978-975-254-278-5
- ^ An essay on the campaign (in Turkish)
- ^ Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: Türkiye tarihi Cilt III, AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 21-23
- ^ Joseph von Hammer: Osmanlı Tarihi Vol II (condensation: Abdülkadir Karahan), Milliyet yayınları, İstanbul. p 100-101. ?Hammar-Purgstall's works date from 1840 and 1856. More modern sources say his attempt failed and that Mehmed was overthrown after Osman left.