1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene is an organochlorine compound, one of three isomers of trichlorobenzene. It is a derivative of benzene with three chloride substituents. It is a colorless liquid used as a solvent for a variety of compounds and materials.
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.004.026 | ||
PubChem CID
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| UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |||
| C6H3Cl3 | |||
| Molar mass | 181.44 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless liquid | ||
| Odor | aromatic[1] | ||
| Density | 1.46 g cm−3 | ||
| Melting point | 16.9 °C (62.4 °F; 290.0 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 213.5 °C (416.3 °F; 486.6 K)[2] | ||
| 0.003% (20 °C)[1] | |||
| Vapor pressure | 1 mmHg (20 °C)[1] | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related compounds
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1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Flash point | 110 °C (230 °F; 383 K) | ||
| Explosive limits | 2.5%-6.6% (150°C)[1] | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
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none[1] | ||
REL (Recommended)
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C 5 ppm (40 mg/m3)[1] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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N.D.[1] | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Production and uses
editDepending on the conditions and additives (e.g., sulfur), it can be the main product from the chlorination of benzene. It is virtually the exclusive product from the chlorination of 1,4-dichlorobenzene. It is also the main product from the dehydrochlorination of hexachlorocyclohexane.[3]
It is useful as a high-temperature solvent, e.g. for GPC of polyolefines such as PE or PP which are otherwise insoluble.
Aside from its use as a solvent, this compound is a useful precursor to dye and pesticides.
Safety
editThe LD50 (oral, rats) is 756 mg/kg. Animal studies have shown that 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene affects the liver and kidney, and is possibly a teratogen.[4] There is no regulated occupational exposure limit for chemical exposure, but the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends no greater exposure than 5 ppm, over an 8-hour workday.
See also
edit- Chlorobenzenes—different numbers of chlorine substituents and isomeric forms
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0627". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ Jaw, Ching-Guang; Chen, I-Ming; Yen, Jui-Hung; Wang, Yei-Shung (December 1999). "Partial solubility parameters of chlorobenzene and chlorophenol compounds at equilibrium distribution in two immiscible phases". Chemosphere. 39 (15): 2607–2620. doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00173-3. ISSN 0045-6535.
- ^ Beck, U.; Löser, E. "Chlorinated Benzenes and other Nucleus-Chlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbons". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.o06_o03. ISBN 978-3527306732.
- ^ CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards