Comet 177P/Barnard, also known as Barnard 2, is a periodic comet with an orbital period of 122 years. It fits the classical definition of a Halley-type comet with (20 years < period < 200 years).[4] It orbits near the ecliptic plane and has aphelion near the Kuiper cliff at 48 AU (7.2 billion km).
| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Edward Emerson Barnard |
| Discovery date | June 24, 1889 |
| Designations | |
| 177P/1889 M1; 1889 III; 1889c; 177P/2006 M3 | |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch | 2013-Apr-18 (JD 2456400.5)[1] |
| Aphelion | 48.05 AU (47.74 AU in 2066)[2] |
| Perihelion | 1.12 AU |
| Semi-major axis | 24.58 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.954 |
| Orbital period | 122 yr 120y 7m 16d (perihelion to perihelion) |
| Inclination | 31.05° |
| Last perihelion | August 28, 2006[3][4][1] June 21, 1889[1] |
| Next perihelion | April 13, 2127[5][1][6][3] |
The comet, also designated P/2006 M3, was discovered by Edward Emerson Barnard on June 24, 1889, and was re-discovered after 116 years.[7] On July 19, 2006, 177P came within 0.366 AU (54.8 million km) of Earth.[4][8] From late July through September 2006 it was slightly brighter than expected at 8th magnitude[3] in the constellations Hercules and then Draco. Perihelion was August 28, 2006. It was last observed in December 2006 when it was about 2 AU (300 million km) from the Sun.[4]
The only numbered comets with an orbital period longer than 177P/Barnard are: 153P/Ikeya–Zhang (365 years), 273P/Pons–Gambart (188 years), 35P/Herschel–Rigollet (155 years), and 109P/Swift-Tuttle (133 years).
Of Barnard's other two periodic comets, the first, D/1884 O1 (Barnard 1) was last seen on November 20, 1884, and is thought to have disintegrated. The last, 206P/Barnard-Boattini marked the beginning of a new era in cometary astronomy, as it was the first to be discovered by photography. It was a lost comet after 1892, until accidentally rediscovered on October 7, 2008, by Andrea Boattini.
References
edit- ^ a b c d "177P/Barnard Orbit". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2014-06-20.
- ^ "Horizons Batch for 177P/Barnard aphelion on 2066-Nov-03". JPL Horizons. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
- ^ a b c Seiichi Yoshida (calculated by Kazuo Kinoshita). "177P/Barnard 2". Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-15.
- ^ a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 177P/Barnard". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2012-07-26.
2006-12-11 last obs
- ^ Syuichi Nakano (2006-10-01). "177P/Barnard 2 (NK 1369)". OAA Computing and Minor Planet Sections. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
- ^ "Horizons Batch for 177P/Barnard on 2127-Apr-13" (Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive). JPL Horizons. Retrieved 2023-04-29. (JPL#29/Soln.date: 2021-Apr-15)
- ^ Naoyuki Kurita. "Comet Barnard 2 on Aug 4, 2006". Stellar Scenes. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2006-09-01.
- ^ "177P/Barnard". Kazuo Kinoshita. 2006-11-18. Retrieved 2007-01-06.
External links
edit- Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Ephemeris
- 177P/Barnard – Kazuo Kinoshita (2011 Jan. 17)
- 177P at Gary W. Kronk's Cometography