The year 1795 in science and technology involved some significant events.
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Astronomy
edit- December 13 – A meteorite falls to Earth at Wold Newton, East Riding of Yorkshire, England, the first to be recognised in modern times.
Botany
edit- National Botanic Gardens (Ireland) opened by the Royal Dublin Society.
Mathematics
edit- The 18-year-old Carl Friedrich Gauss develops the basis for the method of least squares analysis.[1]
Medicine
edit- The British Royal Navy makes the use of lemon juice mandatory to prevent scurvy, largely due to the influence of Gilbert Blane.[2]
Metrology
editPaleontology
edit- Georges Cuvier identifies the fossilised bones of a huge animal found in the Netherlands in 1770 as belonging to an extinct reptile.
Technology
edit- November 30 – Joseph Bramah is granted a British patent for hydraulic machinery, notably the hydraulic press.[4]
Zoology
edit- Johann Matthäus Bechstein publishes his treatise on songbirds Naturgeschichte der Stubenvögel ("Natural History of Cage Birds") in Gotha.
- Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire publishes "Histoire des Makis, ou singes de Madagascar", introducing his theory of the unity of organic composition.
Publications
edit- Leonhard Euler's Letters to a German Princess, On Different Subjects in Physics and Philosophy are first translated into English by Scottish minister Henry Hunter, targeted at women, whom Hunter felt Euler intended to educate.[5][6]
Awards
editBirths
edit- January 6 – Anselme Payen, French chemist (died 1878)
- May 5 – Pierre Louis Alphée Cazenave, French dermatologist (died 1877)
- June 24 – Ernst Heinrich Weber, German physician, psychologist (died 1878)
- June 30 – Joseph Bienaimé Caventou, French chemist (died 1877)
- July 5 – Georg Ernst Ludwig Hampe, German pharmacist, botanist and bryologist (died 1880)
- July 10 – Jean-Baptiste Guimet, French industrial chemist (died 1871)
- November 12 – Thaddeus William Harris, American naturalist (died 1856)
- December 8 – Peter Andreas Hansen, Danish astronomer (died 1874)
- December 21
- Francisco Javier Muñiz, Argentine physician and paleontologist (died 1871)
- Jack Russell, English dog breeder (died 1883)
Deaths
edit- January 21 – Samuel Wallis, English navigator (born 1728)
- March 21 – Giovanni Arduino, Italian geologist (born 1714)
- May 6 – Pieter Boddaert, Dutch physician and naturalist (born 1730)
- June 1 – Pierre-Joseph Desault, French anatomist and surgeon (born 1744)
- June 9 – François Chopart, French surgeon (born 1743)
- June 17 – Gilbert Romme, French politician and mathematician (born 1750)
- June 18 – Marie Marguerite Bihéron, French anatomist (born 1719)
- June 24 – William Smellie, Scottish naturalist and encyclopedist (born 1740)
- July 3 – Antonio de Ulloa, Spanish explorer (born 1716)
- August 14 – George Adams, English scientific instrument maker (born 1750)
- October 1 – Robert Bakewell, English agriculturalist and geneticist (born 1725)
- December 28 – Eugenio Espejo, Ecuadorian medical hygienist, lawyer and journalist (born 1747)
References
edit- ^ Not published until 1809.
- ^ Bown, Stephen R. (2003). Scurvy: How a Surgeon, a Mariner and a Gentleman Solved the Greatest Medical Mystery of the Age of Sail. Penguin Books Australia. p. 222.
- ^ "Decree on weights and measures". 1795. Archived from the original on 24 September 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
Gramme, le poids absolu d'un volume d'eau pure égal au cube de la centième partie du mètre , et à la température de la glace fondante
- ^ McNeill, Ian (1972). Hydraulic Power. London: Longman. ISBN 0-582-12797-1.
- ^ Goodwin, Gordon (1891). . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 28. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ Klyve, Dominic (Spring 2011). "Euler's Letters to a German Princess:Betrayal and Translation" (PDF). Opusculum. 3 (1). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-22. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
- ^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 July 2020.