The 1806–07 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1806 and 1807, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
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11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 18 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results: Dem-Republican hold Dem-Republican gain Federalist hold | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Democratic-Republican Party increased its overwhelming control of the Senate by one additional seat. The Federalists went into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (7 out of 34, or 21%) that even if they had won every election, they would still have remained a minority caucus. As it was, however, they lost one of the two seats they were defending and picked up no gains from their opponents.
Results summary
editSenate party division, 10th Congress (1807–1809)
- Majority party: Democratic-Republican (28)
- Minority party: Federalist (6)
- Other parties: 0
- Total seats: 34
Change in composition
editBefore the elections
edit| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 | ||||||||
| DR27 Pa. Retired |
DR26 N.C. Retired |
DR25 Ohio Unknown |
DR24 Vt. Ran |
DR23 S.C. Ran |
DR22 N.Y. Ran |
DR21 Md. Ran |
DR20 Ky. Ran |
DR19 Ga. Ran | |
| F7 N.H. Retired |
F6 Conn. Ran |
F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
Beginning of the next Congress
edit| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 | ||||||||
| DR27 Pa. Hold |
DR26 Ohio Hold |
DR25 N.C. Hold |
DR24 Md. Hold |
DR23 Ky. Hold |
DR22 Vt. Re-elected |
DR21 S.C. Re-elected |
DR20 N.Y. Re-elected |
DR19 Ga. Re-elected | |
| DR28 N.H. Gain |
F6 Conn. Re-elected |
F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
| Key: |
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Race summaries
editExcept if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
Special elections during the preceding Congress
editIn these special elections, the winner was seated during 1806 or before March 4, 1807; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Georgia (Class 3) |
James Jackson | Democratic- Republican |
1793 1795 (resigned) 1800 |
Incumbent died March 19, 1806. New senator elected June 19, 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Kentucky (Class 3) |
John Adair | Democratic- Republican |
1805 (special) | Incumbent resigned November 18, 1806 after losing re-election; see below. New senator elected November 19, 1806, despite being younger than the constitutional minimum. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Maryland (Class 3) |
Robert Wright | Democratic- Republican |
1801 (special) | Incumbent resigned November 12, 1806 to become Governor of Maryland. New senator elected November 25, 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below. |
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Races leading to the next Congress
editIn these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1807; ordered by state.
All the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1796 (special) 1801 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1807. |
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| Georgia | John Milledge | Democratic- Republican |
1806 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1806. |
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| Kentucky | John Adair | Democratic- Republican |
1805 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected November 13, 1806 on the fourth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. Incumbent immediately resigned and a new senator was elected to finish the term; see above. |
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| Maryland | Robert Wright | Democratic- Republican |
1801 (special) | Incumbent resigned November 12, 1806 to become Governor of Maryland. New senator elected in 1806 or 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to finish the current term, see above. |
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| New Hampshire | William Plumer | Federalist | 1802 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1807. Democratic-Republican gain. |
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| New York | John Smith | Democratic- Republican |
1804 (special) | Incumbent re-elected February 3, 1807. |
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| North Carolina | David Stone | Democratic- Republican |
1800 | Incumbent retired to return to the State Superior Court, and then resigned early (February 17, 1807). New senator elected in 1806 on the seventh ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Ohio | Thomas Worthington | Democratic- Republican |
1803 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected January 1, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Pennsylvania | George Logan | Democratic- Republican |
1801 (appointed) 1801 (special) |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| South Carolina | John Gaillard | Democratic- Republican |
1804 (special) | Incumbent re-elected December 9, 1806 on the second ballot. |
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| Vermont | Stephen R. Bradley | Democratic- Republican |
1791 1795 (lost) 1801 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected in 1806. |
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Special elections during the next Congress
editIn this special election, the winner was seated in 1807 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Vermont (Class 1) |
Israel Smith | Democratic- Republican |
1802 | Incumbent resigned October 1, 1807. New senator elected October 10, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Connecticut (Class 3) |
Uriah Tracy | Federalist | 1796 (special) 1801 1807 |
Incumbent died July 19, 1807. Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) was elected to finish the term,[c] but declined the election.[11] New senator elected October 25, 1807 on the second ballot. Federalist hold. |
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| Rhode Island (Class 2) |
James Fenner | Democratic- Republican |
1804 | Incumbent resigned September 1807 to become Governor of Rhode Island. New senator elected October 26, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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| Georgia (Class 2) |
George Jones | Democratic- Republican |
1807 (appointed) | Predecessor Abraham Baldwin (DR) died March 4, 1807. Incumbent appointee lost re-election. New senator elected November 7, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. |
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Connecticut
editConnecticut (regular)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Connecticut (special)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Georgia
editGeorgia (special, class 2)
edit
Democratic-Republican Abraham Baldwin died March 4, 1807. Democratic-Republican George Jones was appointed August 27. 1807 to continue the term, pending a special election. Jones ran in the November 7, 1807 special election, but lost to Democratic-Republican William H. Crawford.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Class 3
edit
Democratic-Republican James Jackson, who had served since 1793 died March 19, 1806.
Georgia (special, class 3)
editDemocratic-Republican John Milledge was elected June 19, 1806.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Georgia (regular)
editMilledge was later re-elected to the next term.
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Kentucky
editKentucky (regular)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Kentucky (special)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Maryland
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022) |
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80 members of the Maryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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The Maryland General Assembly convened to both fill the unexpired term of Robert Wright who resigned to become Governor of Maryland, and to fill the next term. This election was therefore both the regular and special.
Philip Reed won election over William Hayward by a margin of 17.50%, or 33 votes, for the Class 3 seat.[15]
New Hampshire
editNew Hampshire (regular)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
New Hampshire (special)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
New York
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
North Carolina
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Ohio
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Pennsylvania
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Rhode Island (special)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
South Carolina
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Vermont
editVermont (regular)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
Vermont (special)
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019) |
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Possibly Thomas Telfair
- ^ a b 'more than likely…fictional characters'
- ^ Dana 96, Asa Spalding (Democratic-Republican) 50, David Humphrey (Federalist) 8
References
edit- ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. 8 February 2022.
- ^ "Georgia 1806 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 11 February 2018., citing Georgia Republican (Savannah, GA). June 27, 1806.
- ^ "Kentucky 1806 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 11 February 2018., citing The Western World (Frankfort, KY). November 22, 1806. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). December 19, 1806.
- ^ "Maryland 1806 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 11 February 2018., citing Votes and Proceedings of the Maryland State Senate, 1806. 11–12.
- ^ "Kentucky 1806 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 12 February 2018., citing The Western World (Frankfort, KY). November 22, 1806. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). December 19, 1806.
- ^ "New York 1807 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 13 February 2018., citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1807. 38–39. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1807. 13–14.
- ^ "North Carolina 1806 U.S. Senate, Ballot 7". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 13 February 2018., citing Legislative Papers for 1806. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh.
- ^ "Ohio 1807 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 13 February 2018., citing Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901. Columbus, Ohio: Century Publishing Co. p. 96 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "South Carolina 1806 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 14 February 2018., citing The Times (Charleston, SC). December 13, 1806. Charleston Courier (Charleston, SC). December 16, 1806.
- ^ "Vermont 1806 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 14 February 2018., citing American Mercury (Hartford, CT). November 6, 1806. Weekly Wanderer (Randolph, VT). October 29, 1806.
- ^ "Connecticut 1807 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 12 February 2018., citing Connecticut Herald (New Haven, CT). October 13, 1807.
- ^ "Connecticut 1807 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2018., citing American Mercury (Hartford, CT). November 5, 1807.
- ^ "Rhode Island 1807 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 14 February 2018., citing Newport Mercury (Newport, RI). November 7, 1807.
- ^ "Georgia 1807 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 12 February 2018., citing Augusta Chronicle (Augusta, GA). November 14, 1807.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 25, 1806". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
External links
edit- "Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present" – via Senate.gov.