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1830 United States census

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The 1830 United States census, the fifth census undertaken in the United States, was conducted on June 1, 1830. The only loss of census records for 1830 involved some countywide losses in Massachusetts, Maryland, and Mississippi.

1830 United States census
← 1820 June 1, 1830 (1830-06-01) 1840 →
Seal of the United States Marshals Service, which administered the census
General information
CountryUnited States
AuthorityOffice of the United States Marshal
Results
Total population12,866,020 (Increase 33.5%)
Most populous ​stateNew York
1,918,608
Least populous ​stateDelaware
76,748

It determined the population of the 24 states to be 12,866,020, of which 2,009,043 were slaves. The center of population was about 170 miles (274 km) west of Washington, D.C. in present-day Grant County, West Virginia.

This was the first census in which a city—New York—recorded a population of over 200,000.

Census questions

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The 1830 census asked these questions:[1]

  • Name of head of family
  • Address
  • Number of free white males and females
    • in five-year age groups to age 20
    • in 10-year age groups from 20 to 100
    • 100 years and older
  • number of slaves and free colored persons in six age groups
  • number of deaf and dumb
    • under 14 years old
    • 14 to 24 years old
    • 25 years and older
  • number of blind
  • foreigners not naturalized

Data availability

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No microdata from the 1830 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.

State rankings

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Rank State Population
01 New York 1,918,608
02 Pennsylvania 1,348,233
03 Virginia [2] 1,220,978
04 Ohio 937,903
05 North Carolina 737,987
06 Kentucky 687,917
07 Tennessee 681,904
08 Massachusetts 610,408
09 South Carolina 581,185
10 Georgia 516,823
11 Maryland 447,040
12 Maine 399,455
13 Indiana 343,031
14 New Jersey 320,823
15 Alabama 309,527
16 Connecticut 297,675
17 Vermont 280,652
18 New Hampshire 269,328
19 Louisiana 215,739
X West Virginia [3] 176,924
20 Illinois 157,445
21 Missouri 140,455
22 Mississippi 136,621
23 Rhode Island 97,199
24 Delaware 76,748
X Florida 34,730
X Arkansas 30,388
X District of Columbia [4] 30,261
X Michigan 28,004
X Wisconsin 3,635

Apportionment Populations[5]

In the U.S. Constitution, Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3 states:

Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.[6]

In order to correctly apportion Representatives pursuant to this Census, it was necessary for the Census to compute not only the total population of each state, but the number of free persons and slaves, and then to compute the apportionment population, or Federal number, for each state (and territory) by adding three-fifths of the slave population to the free population. (This was computed by county, so the totals for each state may be off by as many as 1.2 persons due to rounding.)

State Total Free Slave Federal
Maine 399437 399431 6 399434
New Hampshire 269328 269323 5 269326
Massachusetts 610408 610404 4 610406
Rhode Island 97199 97185 14 97193
Connecticut 297675 297650 25 297665
Vermont 280657 280657 280657
New York 1918608 1918532 76 1918577
New Jersey 320823 318569 2254 319922
Pennsylvania 1348233 1347830 403 1348072
Delaware 76748 73456 3292 75431
Maryland 447040 344046 102994 405842
Virginia 1211405 741648 469757 1023502
North Carolina 737987 492386 245601 639747
South Carolina 581185 265784 315401 455025
Georgia 516823 299292 217531 429810
Kentucky 687917 522704 165213 621832
Tennessee 681903 540300 141603 625263
Ohio 935884 935878 6 935882
Louisiana 215739 106151 109588 171904
Indiana 343031 343028 3 343030
Mississippi 136621 70962 65659 110358
Illinois 157445 156698 747 157147
Alabama 309527 191978 117549 262508
Missouri 140455 115364 25091 130419
Territory of Michigan 31639 31607 32 31625
Territory of Arkansas 30388 25812 4576 28557
Territory of Florida 34730 19229 15501 28529
District of Columbia 39834 33715 6119 37389

City rankings

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Rank City State Population[7] Region (2016)[8]
01 New York New York 202,589 Northeast
02 Baltimore Maryland 80,620 South
03 Philadelphia Pennsylvania 80,462 Northeast
04 Boston Massachusetts 61,392 Northeast
05 New Orleans Louisiana 46,082 South
06 Charleston South Carolina 30,289 South
07 Northern Liberties Pennsylvania 28,872 Northeast
08 Cincinnati Ohio 24,831 Midwest
09 Albany New York 24,209 Northeast
10 Southwark Pennsylvania 20,581 Northeast
11 Washington District of Columbia 18,826 South
12 Providence Rhode Island 16,833 Northeast
13 Richmond Virginia 16,060 South
14 Salem Massachusetts 13,895 Northeast
15 Kensington Pennsylvania 13,394 Northeast
16 Portland Maine 12,598 Northeast
17 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 12,568 Northeast
18 Brooklyn New York 12,406 Northeast
19 Troy New York 11,556 Northeast
20 Spring Garden Pennsylvania 11,140 Northeast
21 Newark New Jersey 10,953 Northeast
22 Louisville Kentucky 10,341 South
23 New Haven Connecticut 10,180 Northeast
24 Norfolk Virginia 9,814 South
25 Rochester New York 9,207 Northeast
26 Charlestown Massachusetts 8,783 Northeast
27 Buffalo New York 8,668 Northeast
28 Georgetown District of Columbia 8,441 South
29 Utica New York 8,323 Northeast
30 Petersburg Virginia 8,322 South
31 Alexandria District of Columbia 8,241 South
32 Portsmouth New Hampshire 8,026 Northeast
33 Newport Rhode Island 8,010 Northeast
34 Lancaster Pennsylvania 7,704 Northeast
35 New Bedford Massachusetts 7,592 Northeast
36 Gloucester Massachusetts 7,510 Northeast
37 Savannah Georgia 7,303 South
38 Nantucket Massachusetts 7,202 Northeast
39 Hartford Connecticut 7,074 Northeast
40 Smithfield Rhode Island 6,857 Northeast
41 Moyamensing Pennsylvania 6,822 Northeast
42 Springfield Massachusetts 6,784 Northeast
43 Augusta Georgia 6,710 South
44 Wilmington Delaware 6,628 South
45 Lowell Massachusetts 6,474 Northeast
46 Newburyport Massachusetts 6,375 Northeast
47 Lynn Massachusetts 6,138 Northeast
48 Cambridge Massachusetts 6,072 Northeast
49 Taunton Massachusetts 6,042 Northeast
50 Lexington Kentucky 6,026 South
51 Reading Pennsylvania 5,856 Northeast
52 Nashville Tennessee 5,566 South
53 Warwick Rhode Island 5,529 Northeast
54 Dover New Hampshire 5,449 Northeast
55 Hudson New York 5,392 Northeast
56 Roxbury Massachusetts 5,247 Northeast
57 Marblehead Massachusetts 5,149 Northeast
58 Middletown New Jersey 5,128 Northeast
59 Middleborough Massachusetts 5,008 Northeast
60 St. Louis Missouri 4,977 Midwest
61 Groton Connecticut 4,805 Northeast
62 Plymouth Massachusetts 4,758 Northeast
63 Lynchburg Virginia 4,630 South
64 Andover Massachusetts 4,530 Northeast
65 Auburn New York 4,486 Northeast
66 Frederick Maryland 4,427 South
67 New London Connecticut 4,335 Northeast
68 Harrisburg Pennsylvania 4,312 Northeast
69 Danbury Connecticut 4,311 Northeast
70 Schenectady New York 4,268 Northeast
71 Evesham New Jersey 4,239 Northeast
72 Danvers Massachusetts 4,228 Northeast
73 York Pennsylvania 4,216 Northeast
74 Worcester Massachusetts 4,173 Northeast
75 Fall River Massachusetts 4,158 Northeast
76 Dorchester Massachusetts 4,074 Northeast
77 Beverly Massachusetts 4,073 Northeast
78 Norwalk Connecticut 3,972 Northeast
79 Woodbridge New Jersey 3,969 Northeast
80 Trenton New Jersey 3,925 Northeast
81 Haverhill Massachusetts 3,896 Northeast
82 Orange New Jersey 3,887 Northeast
83 Coventry Rhode Island 3,851 Northeast
84 Gilmanton New Hampshire 3,816 Northeast
85 Greenwich Connecticut 3,801 Northeast
86 New Bern North Carolina 3,796 South
87 Wilmington North Carolina 3,791 South
88 South Amboy New Jersey 3,782 Northeast
89 Concord New Hampshire 3,720 Northeast
90 Carlisle Pennsylvania 3,707 Northeast
91 Cumberland Rhode Island 3,675 Northeast
92 South Kingstown Rhode Island 3,663 Northeast
93 Pittsfield Massachusetts 3,559 Northeast
94 Easton Pennsylvania 3,529 Northeast
95 Burlington Vermont 3,526 Northeast
96 North Providence Rhode Island 3,503 Northeast
97 Elizabeth New Jersey 3,455 Northeast
98 Saddle Brook New Jersey 3,399 Northeast
99 Hagerstown Maryland 3,371 South
100 Franklin, Somerset County New Jersey 3,352 Northeast

References

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  1. ^ "Library Bibliography Bulletin 88, New York State Census Records, 1790–1925". New York State Library. October 1981. pp. 43 (p.49 of PDF).
  2. ^ Total Virginia population represented here, including future state of West Virginia.
  3. ^ Between 1790 and 1860, the state of West Virginia was part of Virginia; the data presented here reflects the present-day boundary.
  4. ^ The District of Columbia is not a state but was created with the passage of the Residence Act of 1790. The territory that formed that federal capital was originally donated by both Maryland and Virginia; however, the Virginia portion was returned by Congress in 1846.
  5. ^ U.S. Census Bureau. "1830 Census: Abstract of the returns of the Fifth Census".
  6. ^ "The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription". National Archives and Records Administration. November 4, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  7. ^ Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
  8. ^ "Regions and Divisions". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.

Further reading

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