The year 1861 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

List of years in science (table)
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Astronomy

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Biology

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Chemistry

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Earth sciences

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History of science and technology

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Medicine and physiology

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Broca's area (in red)

Paleontology

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Technology

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The first colour photograph by James Clerk Maxwell

Publications

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Awards

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Births

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Deaths

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References

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  1. ^ Kirchhoff, G.; Bunsen, R. (1861). "Chemische Analyse durch Spectralbeobachtungen" (PDF). Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 189 (7): 337–381. Bibcode:1861AnP...189..337K. doi:10.1002/andp.18611890702. hdl:2027/hvd.32044080591324.
  2. ^ Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. XIII. Some spectroscopic discoveries". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (8): 1413–1434. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1413W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1413.
  3. ^ Kazansky, B.; Bykov, G. V., eds. (1961). Centenary of the Theory of Chemical Structure: collection of papers by A. M. Butlerov. Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
  4. ^ Rzepa, Henry S. (2005). "Joseph Loschmidt: Structural formulae, 1861". Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-23.
  5. ^ "Rotative steam engine by Boulton and Watt, 1788". Collection. Science Museum Group. Retrieved 2021-02-28.
  6. ^ "Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne de Boulogne". WhoNamedIt?. Archived from the original on 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
  7. ^ Meyer, Hermann von (1861-08-15). "Vogel-Federn und Palpipes priscus von Solenhofen" [Bird feathers and Palpipes priscus [a crustacean] from Solenhofen]. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde (in German): 561. Aus dem lithographischen Schiefer der Brüche von Solenhofen in Bayern ist mir in den beiden Gegenplatten eine auf der Ablösungs- oder Spaltungs-Fläche des Gesteins liegende Versteinerung mitgetheilt worden, die mit grosser Deutlichkeit eine Feder erkennen lässt, welche von den Vogel-Federn nicht zu unterscheiden ist. (From the lithographic slates of the faults of Solenhofen in Bavaria, there has been reported to me a fossil lying on the stone's surface of detachment or cleavage, in both opposing slabs, which can be recognized with great clarity [to be] a feather, which is indistinguishable from a bird's feather.)
  8. ^ Natural History Museum, London BMNH 37001. Chiappe, Luis M. (2007). Glorified Dinosaurs. Sydney: UNSW Press. pp. 118–146. ISBN 978-0-471-24723-4.
  9. ^ "Fairground Rides – A Chronological Development". National Fairground Archive. University of Sheffield. 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-08-11. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
  10. ^ John DeLancy Watkins and Robert Bryson, Mowing Machines, U.S. Patent Reissue 1,904.
  11. ^ "On the rolling of ships." Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects 2 (1861): pp. 180–227; 3 (1862): pp. 45–62.
  12. ^ Greeley, Horace; Case, Leon (1872). The Great Industries of the United States. Hartford: J.B. Burr & Hyde. p. 944.
  13. ^ Pritchard Jr, Russ A. Civil War Weapons and Equipment Archived 2012-11-14 at the Wayback Machine, p.82. Globe Pequit Press, 2003. ISBN 1-58574-493-X.
  14. ^ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 978-1-85986-000-7.
  15. ^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 23 July 2020.