1863 in Canada

Decades:	1840s; 1850s; 1860s; 1870s; 1880s;
See also:	History of Canada; Timeline of Canadian history; List of years in Canada;

Events from the year 1863 in Canada.

Incumbents

Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada –
- John Sandfield Macdonald, Canada West Premier
- Louis-Victor Sicotte, Canada East Premier until May 15, 1863
- Antoine-Aimé Dorion, Canada East Premier on May 15, 1863
Premier of Newfoundland — Hugh Hoyles
Premiers of New Brunswick — Samuel Leonard Tilley
Premiers of Nova Scotia –
- Joseph Howe (until June 5, 1863)
- James William Johnston (on June 11, 1863)
Premier of Prince Edward Island –
- Edward Palmer (before March 2, 1863)
- John Hamilton Gray (on March 2, 1863)

March 17 — U.S. gives notice of intent to abrogate reciprocity.
September 5 — Louis-Victor Sicotte appointed a puisne judge of the Superior Court for Saint-Hyacinthe District
December 7 — New Brunswick and Nova Scotia: the Chesapeake Affair.
Militia Pay Act for all males 18–60.

February 3 — James White, geographer
May 19 — John Alexander Mathieson, jurist, politician and Premier of Prince Edward Island (died 1947)
July 1 — William Grant Stairs, explorer, soldier and adventurer (died 1892)
October 4 — Peter Veniot, businessman, newspaper owner, politician and 17th Premier of New Brunswick (died 1936)
October 10 — Louis Cyr, strongman (died 1912)
November 14 — Edward Foster, fingerprint expert

January 17 — Peter Warren Dease, HBC officer and Arctic explorer (born 1788)
January 31 — Sir John Robinson, 1st Baronet, of Toronto, lawyer, judge and political figure (born 1791)
November 20 — James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin, Governor General (born 1811)
December 10 — James FitzGibbon, British colonel who served in Canada for 45 years (born 1780)

Prevalence of death in girls among "imperfect" statistics from Indigenous schools and hospitals (Note: "uncivilized," other stereotypes)^[2]
Report on escaped slaves in Canada West says they are doing well ^[3]
Editorial on high rate of Canadian emigration to U.S.A.^[4]
Montreal doctor advocates making smallpox vaccination compulsory^[5]
Ice bridge forms on Niagara River^[6]

^ "Queen Victoria | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ Florence Nightingale, Sanitary Statistics of Native Colonial Schools and Hospitals (1863), pgs. 4-14 plus appendices. Accessed 16 February 2020
^ S.G. (Samuel Gridley) Howe, The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West: Report to the Freedmen's Inquiry Commission (Boston: Wright & Potter, Printers, 1864; Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library, 2005), pgs. III-IV. Accessed 5 September 2018
^ "Leaving Canada" The Seattle Gazette, Vol. 1, No. 3 (December 26, 1863), pg. 2. Accessed 5 September 2018
^ Wm. H. Hingston, M.D., "A Few Remarks on Vaccination and Re-Vaccination" Canada Lancet, Vol. 1, No. 10 (December 15, 1863), pg. 1. Accessed 5 September 2018
^ "Ice Bridge at Niagara" The Illustrated London News (April 4, 1863), The Civil War in America from The Illustrated London News. Accessed 20 September 2018