1871 in literature

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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1871.

Events

Programme for the opening night of The Bells

Henry Irving as Mathias in The Bells

January 1 – The children's literary magazine Young Folks begins publication in the United Kingdom as Our Young Folks' Weekly Budget.^[1]
January – John Ruskin begins publishing Fors Clavigera, his originally monthly "letters to the workmen and labourers of Great Britain".
March 18–May 28 – The Paris Commune is influential on the literary figures in the city at the time and far beyond:
- Jules Vallès publishes his newspaper Le Cri du Peuple February 22–May 23 (with interruptions).
- At the beginning of April, Victor Hugo moves to Brussels to take care of the family of his son, who has just died, but closely follows events in Paris, on April 21 publishing the poem "Pas de représailles" (No reprisals) and on June 11 writing the poem "Sur une barricade" (On the barricade).
- Émile Zola, as a journalist for Le Sémaphore de Marseille, reports the fall of the Commune, and is one of the first reporters to enter the city during Semaine sanglante (Bloody Week, beginning May 21).
October – "Thomas Maitland", i. e. Robert Williams Buchanan, attacks Dante Gabriel Rossetti and other members of what Buchanan calls the "Fleshly School" of English poetry in The Contemporary Review. On December 16 Rossetti replies in "The Stealthy School of Criticism" in the Athenaeum.
November 25 – First performance of The Bells starring Henry Irving at the Lyceum Theatre, London,^[2] the actor's first great success. On the same night, he breaks up permanently with his wife when she criticises his choice of profession.
December – Publication of George Eliot's novel Middlemarch in eight parts commences.^[3]
unknown date – George Allen and Sons, publishers, predecessors of Allen & Unwin, is established in London.

New books

Fiction

William Black – A Daughter of Heth^[4]
Mary Elizabeth Braddon – Fenton's Quest
George Chesney – The Battle of Dorking (invasion novella and science fiction precursor, originally published anonymously in Blackwood's Magazine, May)^[5]^[6]
Edward Eggleston – The Hoosier Schoolmaster
George Eliot – Middlemarch (first of eight installments)
Edward Bulwer-Lytton – The Coming Race
Thomas Hardy – Desperate Remedies
Vanchinbalyn Injinash – The Blue Chronicle (köke sudur, Хөх судар; completed in MS)
Henry James – Watch and Ward
George Meredith – The Adventures of Harry Richmond
Charles Reade – A Terrible Temptation
Emily Spender – Restored (feminist novel)
Anthony Trollope -
- Ralph the Heir
- Sir Harry Hotspur of Humblethwaite
Mark Twain
- Eye Openers
- Screamers
Giovanni Verga – Storia di una capinera [it] (The Sparrow; book publication)
Jules Verne – A Floating City (Une ville flottante)
Émile Zola – La Fortune des Rougon

Children and young people

Alexander Afanasyev (collected) – «Русские детские сказки» (Russian Children's Fairy Tales)
Louisa M. Alcott – Little Men
George MacDonald – At the Back of the North Wind
Samuel Smiles – A Boy's Voyage Round the World
Johanna Spyri – Ein Blatt auf Vrony’s Grab (A Note on Vrony's Grave)

Drama

François Coppée
- Fais ce que Dois
- L'Abandonnée
W. S. Gilbert – Pygmalion and Galatea
Leopold David Lewis – The Bells (adapted from Erckmann-Chatrian's Le Juif Polonais)
Alexander Ostrovsky – The Forest (Russian: Лес, Les)
Dobri Voynikov – The Phoney Civilization (Bulgarian: Криворазбраната цивилизация, Krivorazbranata tsivilizatsiya)

Poetry

Arthur Rimbaud - Le Bateau ivre ("The Drunken Boat")
Algernon Charles Swinburne - Songs before Sunrise

Non-fiction

John Burroughs - Wake Robin
Charles Darwin – The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
William Gifford Palgrave – Personal Narrative of a Year’s Journey through Central and Eastern Arabia (1862–63)
Edward Burnett Tylor – Primitive Culture
Walt Whitman - Democratic Vistas

Births

January 9 – Eugène Marais, South African lawyer, naturalist, poet and writer (died 1936)^[7]
February 22 – John Langalibalele Dube, Zulu writer (died 1946)
February 25 (February 13 OS) – Lesya Ukrainka, Ukrainian poet and writer (died 1913)
February 28 – Manuel Díaz Rodríguez, Venezuelan writer and politician (died 1927)^[8]
March 5 – Rosa Luxemburg, Polish-born German revolutionary socialist (died 1919)^[9]
March 27 – Heinrich Mann, German narrator, dramatist and essayist (died 1950)
June 17 – James Weldon Johnson, American writer and activist (died 1938)
May 6 – Christian Morgenstern, German poet (died 1914)
May 14 – Caton Theodorian, Romanian dramatist and novelist (died 1939)
June 5 – Nicolae Iorga, Romanian historian, politician, culture critic, poet and playwright (died 1940)^[10]
July 3 – W. H. Davies, Welsh poet (died 1940)
July 10 – Marcel Proust, French novelist (died 1922)
August 21 (August 9 OS) – Leonid Andreyev, Russian short story writer and playwright (died 1919)
August 27 – Theodore Dreiser, American novelist (died 1945)
September 27 – Grazia Deledda, Italian writer and Nobel Prize winner (died 1926)^[11]
October 7 – Georg Hermann [de], German fiction writer (died 1943)
October 10 – Wickham Steed, English journalist, editor and historian (died 1956)
October 30 – Paul Valéry, French poet (died 1945)
November 1 – Stephen Crane, American novelist (died 1900)
November 10 – Winston Churchill, American novelist (died 1947)

Deaths

January 12 – Auguste Anicet-Bourgeois, French dramatist (born 1806)
February 4 – Hermann, Fürst von Pückler-Muskau, German travel and gardening writer (born 1785)
February 9 – Martha Haines Butt, American novelist (born 1833)
February 12 – Alice Cary, American poet (tuberculosis, born 1820)^[12]
March 17 – Robert Chambers, Scottish writer and publisher (born 1802)
March 28 – Joseph Isidore Samson, French playwright and actor (born 1793)
July 6 – Castro Alves, Brazilian poet and playwright (tuberculosis;born 1847)^[13]
July 31 – Phoebe Cary, American poet (born 1824)
July 15 – Ján Chalupka, Slovak dramatist (born 1791)
September 16 – Jan Erazim Vocel, Czech poet, archaeologist, historian and cultural revivalist (born 1803)
November 2 – Athalia Schwartz, Danish writer, journalist and educator (born 1821)^[14]
December 8 – Thomas Gaspey, English novelist and journalist (born 1788)^[15]
December 21 – Luise Aston, German author and feminist (born 1814)^[16]

References

^ Sheila A. Egoff (1951). Children's Periodicals of the Nineteenth Century: A Survey and Bibliography. Library Association. p. 23.
^ Rowell, George, ed. (1953). Nineteenth Century Plays. World's Classics. Oxford University Press.
^ George Eliot (1994). Middlemarch. Wordsworth Editions. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-85326-237-1.
^ Leavis, Q. D. (1965). Fiction and the Reading Public (2nd ed.). London: Chatto & Windus.
^ Finkelsteain, David (2021). "The 6d pamphlet that caused an invasion scare". History Scotland. 21 (5): 29–31.
^ Clarke, I. F. (1997). "Before and After The Battle of Dorking". Science Fiction Studies. 24: 33–46.
^ Van Niekerk, H. L. Eugène Marais: Nuwe Feite en Nuwe Inligting 2010 (Eugène Marais: New Facts and New Insights
^ Solé, Carlos A (1989). Latin American writers. New York: Scribner. p. 431. ISBN 9780684185972.
^ Wroe, David (18 December 2009). "Rosa Luxemburg Murder Case Reopened". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
^ Victor Iova, "Tabel cronologic", in N. Iorga, Istoria lui Mihai Viteazul, Vol. I, Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1979, pp. xxvii. OCLC 6422662
^ Antonio Piromalli, Grazia Deledda, Firenze, La Nuova Italia, 1968.
^ Kane, Paul (1995). Poetry of the American Renaissance. New York: George Braziller. p. 297. ISBN 0807613983.
^ Verity Smith (26 March 1997). Encyclopedia of Latin American Literature. Routledge. p. 185. ISBN 1-135-31424-1.
^ Hilden, Adda. "Athalia Schwartz (1821–1871)". Dansk kvindebiografisk leksikon (in Danish). Archived from the original on 2018-03-13. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
^ Frederick Burwick; Nancy Moore Goslee; Diane Long Hoeveler (30 January 2012). The Encyclopedia of Romantic Literature, 3 Volume Set. John Wiley & Sons. p. 494. ISBN 978-1-4051-8810-4.
^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Aston, Luise". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.

[1] Sheila A. Egoff (1951). Children's Periodicals of the Nineteenth Century: A Survey and Bibliography. Library Association. p. 23.

[2] Rowell, George, ed. (1953). Nineteenth Century Plays. World's Classics. Oxford University Press.

[3] George Eliot (1994). Middlemarch. Wordsworth Editions. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-85326-237-1.

[4] Leavis, Q. D. (1965). Fiction and the Reading Public (2nd ed.). London: Chatto & Windus.

[5] Finkelsteain, David (2021). "The 6d pamphlet that caused an invasion scare". History Scotland. 21 (5): 29–31.

[6] Clarke, I. F. (1997). "Before and After The Battle of Dorking". Science Fiction Studies. 24: 33–46.

[7] Van Niekerk, H. L. Eugène Marais: Nuwe Feite en Nuwe Inligting 2010 (Eugène Marais: New Facts and New Insights

[8] Solé, Carlos A (1989). Latin American writers. New York: Scribner. p. 431. ISBN 9780684185972.

[9] Wroe, David (18 December 2009). "Rosa Luxemburg Murder Case Reopened". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 30 November 2014.

[10] Victor Iova, "Tabel cronologic", in N. Iorga, Istoria lui Mihai Viteazul, Vol. I, Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1979, pp. xxvii. OCLC 6422662

[11] Antonio Piromalli, Grazia Deledda, Firenze, La Nuova Italia, 1968.

[12] Kane, Paul (1995). Poetry of the American Renaissance. New York: George Braziller. p. 297. ISBN 0807613983.

[Smith1997-13] Verity Smith (26 March 1997). Encyclopedia of Latin American Literature. Routledge. p. 185. ISBN 1-135-31424-1.

[kvinfo-14] Hilden, Adda. "Athalia Schwartz (1821–1871)". Dansk kvindebiografisk leksikon (in Danish). Archived from the original on 2018-03-13. Retrieved 15 August 2018.

[15] Frederick Burwick; Nancy Moore Goslee; Diane Long Hoeveler (30 January 2012). The Encyclopedia of Romantic Literature, 3 Volume Set. John Wiley & Sons. p. 494. ISBN 978-1-4051-8810-4.

[16] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). "Aston, Luise". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.

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