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1881 Brazilian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in the Empire of Brazil on 31 October 1881 to elect members of the 18th legislature of the Chamber of Deputies. These were the first direct elections held in the country after the Saraiva Law was enacted (Law No. 3,029 of 9 January 1881).[1] The Liberal Party won 74 seats while the Conservative Party won 48.[2] The chamber was later dissolved on 3 September 1884.[1]

1881 Brazilian parliamentary election
31 October 1881 (1881-10-31) 1884 →
122 members of the Chamber of Deputies
  First party Second party
 
Party Liberal Conservative
Seats won 74 48

Background

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On 15 December 1875 emperor Pedro II of Brazil called the liberal João Lins Cansanção, the Viscount of Sinimbu, to head a new cabinet with the goal of establishing direct voting in the country.[3] The expected reform was amidst the country's electoral, military, religious, and slavery crises.[4] Sinimbu's bill proposed raising the minimum yearly income threshold to vote from 200 to 400 thousand réis and also prohibiting illiterates to vote. The bill, a constitutional reform, was approved in the Chamber of Deputies on 9 June 1879, but was rejected in the Senate on 12 November, and thus Sinimbu's cabinet fell.[5] The new prime minister who followed, also a liberal, José Antônio Saraiva, took over on 28 March 1880 and managed to approve his own bill, the Saraiva Law, on 9 January 1881.[6] The law introduced direct voting in the country, but prohibited the illiterate to vote, and so the number of electors in the country fell from over a million, or about 13% of the country's free adult population, to just over 100,000, less than 1% of the same group.[7]

Results

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PartySeats
Liberal Party74
Conservative Party48
Total122
Source: Câmara dos Deputados[1]

Results by province

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Province or neutral municipality Districts Liberals Conservatives Elected votes Total votes
Alagoas 5 4 1 1,813 3,343
Amazonas 2 1 1 399 664
Bahia 14 11 3 8,322 14,449
Ceará 8 5 3 3,592 6,777
Espírito Santo 2 2 – 739 1,426
Goiás 2 2 – 1,010 2,256
Maranhão 6 4 2 2,202 3,747
Mato Grosso 2 2 – 676 1,230
Minas Gerais 20 14 6 10,641 17,912
Neutral Municipality and Rio de Janeiro 12 2 10 7,652 13,916
Pará 3 – 3 2,321 4,304
Paraíba 5 2 3 1,691 3,067
Paraná 2 2 – 1,093 1,775
Pernambuco 13 5 8 5,344 9,757
Piauí 3 3 – 1,745 2,894
Rio Grande do Norte 2 1 1 1,324 2,423
Rio Grande do Sul 6 6 – 5,607 10,313
Santa Catarina 2 1 1 1,127 2,243
São Paulo 9 6 3 5,765 11,126
Sergipe 4 1 3 1,564 2,649
Source: Câmara dos Deputados[2]

Elected members by province

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Alagoas
District Member Party Votes
1st Tomás do Bonfim Espindola Liberal 455
2nd Manuel Joaquim de Mendonça Castelo Branco Conservative 347
3rd Francisco Ildefonso Ribeiro de Menezes Liberal 276
4th Lourenço Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Liberal 339
5th Teófilo Fernandes dos Santos Liberal 396
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 374
Amazonas
District Member Party Votes
1st Antônio dos Passos Miranda Conservative 110
2nd Adriano Xavier de Olivera Pimentel Liberal 289
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 373
Bahia
District Member Party Votes
1st Joaquim Elísio Pereira Marinho Conservative 763
2nd Ruy Barbosa Liberal 443
3rd Francisco Prisco de Sousa Paraíso Liberal 688
4th Francisco Maria Sodré Pereira Liberal 649
5th Ildefonso José de Araújo Liberal 631
6th Antônio Carneiro da Rocha Liberal 853
7th João Ferreira de Araújo Pinho Conservative 667
8th João Ferreira de Moura Liberal 527
9th Rodolfo Epifanio de Sousa Dantas Liberal 523
10th Aristides Cesar Spinola Zama Liberal 629
11th Antônio Rodrigues Lima Liberal 660
12th Juvencio Alves de Sousa Liberal 607
13th Aristides de Sousa Spinola Liberal 241
14th Francisco Bonifácio de Abreu Conservative 441
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 375
Ceará
District Member Party Votes
1st Meton da Franca Alencar Liberal 560
2nd Antônio Pinto de Mendonça Conservative 522
3rd José Pompeu de Albuquerque Cavalcanti Liberal 483
4th Antônio Joaquim Rodrigues Junior Liberal 417
5th Paulino Franklin do Amaral Conservative 413
6th Leandro de Chaves Mello Ratisbona Liberal 410
7th Tomás Pompeu de Sousa Brasil Liberal 368
8th Alvaro Caminha Tavares da Silva Conservative 391
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 373
Espírito Santo
District Member Party Votes
1st Daniel Accioli de Azevedo Liberal 381
2nd Leopoldo Augusto Deocleciano de Mello e Cunha Liberal 358
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 375
Goiás
District Member Party Votes
1st André Augusto de Padua Fleury Liberal 332
2nd José Leopoldo de Bulhões Jardim Liberal 678
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 377
Maranhão
District Member Party Votes
1st José da Silva Maia Conservative 599
2nd Felippe Franco de Sá Liberal 334
3rd Augusto Olympio Gomes de Castro Conservative 476
4th Salustiano Ferreira de Moraes Rego Liberal 205
5th Sinval Odorico de Moura Liberal 264
6th José Vianna Vaz Liberal 321
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 373
Mato Grosso
District Member Party Votes
1st Antônio Gonçalves de Carvalho Liberal 277
2nd Augusto César de Pádua Fleury Liberal 399
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 377
Minas Gerais
District Member Party Votes
1st Carlos Afonso de Assis Figueiredo Liberal 460
2nd Candido Luiz Maria de Oliveira Liberal 472
3rd Afonso Augusto Moreira Pena Liberal 499
4th Ignacio Antônio de Assis Martins Liberal 544
5th Martinho Álvares da Silva Campos Liberal 481
6th Francisco Ignacio de Carvalho Rezende Conservative 700
7th José Rodrigues de Lima Duarte Liberal 678
8th Carlos Vaz de Melo Liberal 613
9th José de Resende Monteiro Conservative 753
10th João Nogueira Penido Liberal 587
11th José Manoel Pereira Cabral Conservative 705
12th Francisco Silviano de Almeida Brandão Liberal 750
13th Olympio Oscar de Vilhena Valadão Conservative 703
14th Manoel José Soares Conservative 561
15th João Caetano de Oliveira e Sousa Conservative 403
16th Eduardo Augusto Montandon Liberal 364
17th João da Matta Machado Liberal 326
18th Joaquim Vieira de Andrade Liberal 296
19th Antônio Felicio dos Santos Liberal 254
20th Afonso Celso de Assis Figueiredo Junior Liberal 449
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 377
Neutral Municipality and Rio de Janeiro
District Member Party Votes
1st Luiz Joaquim Duque Estrada Teixeira Conservative 958
2nd Joaquim Antônio Fernandes de Oliveira Conservative 757
3rd Adolfo Bezerra de Menezes Liberal 859
4th Paulino José Soares de Sousa Conservative 802
5th Francisco Belisario Soares de Sousa Conservative 550
6th Manoel Rodrigues Peixoto Liberal 647
7th João de Almeida Pereira Conservative 621
8th Alfredo Rodrigues Fernandes Chaves Conservative 397
9th João Manoel Pereira da Silva Conservative 546
10th Manoel Peixoto de Lacerda Werneck Conservative 484
11th Domingos de Andrade Figueira Conservative 581
12th Antônio Ferreira Vianna Conservative 450
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 375
Pará
District Member Party Votes
1st José Ferreira Cantão Conservative 1,008
2nd Guilherme Francisco da Cruz Conservative 588
3rd Samuel Wallace MacDowell Conservative 725
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 373
Paraíba
District Member Party Votes
1st Anisio Salathiel Carneiro da Cunha Conservative 456
2nd Manoel Tertuliano Tomás Henrique Conservative 316
3rd José Evaristo da Cruz Gouveia Conservative 265
4th Manoel Carlos de Gouveia Liberal 299
5th Antônio Alves de Sousa Carvalho Liberal 355
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 374
Paraná
District Member Party Votes
1st Generoso Marques dos Santos Liberal 492
2nd Manoel Alves de Araújo Liberal 601
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 376
Pernambuco
District Member Party Votes
1st Manoel do Nascimento Machado Portella Conservative 725
2nd José Mariano Carneiro da Cunha Liberal 715
3rd Manoel da Trindade Peretti Conservative 395
4th Joaquim Tavares de Mello Barreto Liberal 302
5th Francisco do Rego Barros de Lacerda Conservative 331
6th Henrique Marques de Holanda Cavalcanti Conservative 304
7th Ignacio Joaquim de Sousa Leão Conservative 362
8th Francisco de Caldas Lins Conservative 480
9th José Bernardo Galvão Alcoforado Junior Conservative 237
10th Ulysses Machado Pereira Vianna Liberal 313
11th Francisco Seraphico de Assis Carvalho Liberal 275
12th Antônio Gonçalves Ferreira Conservative 328
13th Antônio Manoel de Siqueira Cavalcanti Liberal 531
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 374
Piauí
District Member Party Votes
1st Candido Gil Castelo Branco Liberal 544
2nd José Basson de Miranda Osório Liberal 405
3rd Franklin Américo de Menezes Dória Liberal 796
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 373
Rio Grande do Norte
District Member Party Votes
1st Amaro Carneiro Bezerra Cavalcanti Liberal 521
2nd Tarquínio Bráulio de Sousa Amaranto Conservative 803
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 374
Rio Grande do Sul
District Member Party Votes
1st Antônio Eleutério de Camargo Liberal 1,319
2nd Antônio Antunes Ribas Liberal 711
3rd Henrique Francisco de Ávila Liberal 758
4th Francisco Antunes Maciel Liberal 947
5th José Francisco Diana Liberal 1,085
6th Felisberto Pereira da Silva Liberal 807
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 376
Santa Catarina
District Member Party Votes
1st Alfredo de Escragnolle Taunay Conservative 648
2nd Manoel da Silva Mafra Liberal 479
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 376
São Paulo
District Member Party Votes
1st Laurindo Abelardo de Brito Liberal 656
2nd Antônio Moreira de Barros Liberal 676
3rd José Luiz de Almeida Nogueira Conservative 789
4th Bento Francisco de Paula e Sousa Liberal 551
5th Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrada Filho Liberal 575
6th Martim Francisco Ribeiro de Andrade Liberal 351
7th Francisco Antônio de Sousa Queiroz Filho Liberal 667
8th Antônio da Costa Pinto e Silva Conservative 572
9th Antônio Pinheiro de Ulhôa Cintra Conservative 748
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 376
Sergipe
District Member Party Votes
1st Graciliano Arístides do Prado Pimentel Liberal 519
2nd Antônio Dias Coelho e Melo Liberal 393
3rd Geminiano Brasil de Oliveira Góis Conservative 273
4th José Luiz Coelho e Campos Conservative 379
Source: Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 374

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 372.
  2. ^ a b Câmara dos Deputados 1889, p. 378.
  3. ^ Ferraro 2013, p. 184.
  4. ^ Ferraro 2013, pp. 184–185.
  5. ^ Ferraro 2013, pp. 185–186.
  6. ^ Ferraro 2013, p. 186.
  7. ^ Ferraro 2013, p. 201.

Bibliography

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  • Câmara dos Deputados (1889). Organisações e programmas ministeriaes desde 1822 a 1889: notas explicativas sobre moções de confiança, com alguns dos mais importantes Decretos e Leis, resumo historico sobre a discussão do Acto Addicional, Lei de Interpretação, Codigo Criminal, do Processo e Commercial, lei de terras, etc., etc., com varios esclarecimentos e quadros estatisticos (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Imprensa Nacioanal.
  • Ferraro, Alceu Ravanello (2013). "Educação, classe, gênero e voto no Brasil imperial: Lei Saraiva - 1881". Educar em Revista (in Portuguese): 181–206. doi:10.1590/S0104-40602013000400012. hdl:10183/112030. ISSN 0104-4060.
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