1886 Edinburgh South by-elections

The 1886 Edinburgh South by-elections were two parliamentary by-elections held for the UK House of Commons constituency of Edinburgh South in the Scottish capital in January and February 1886.

It was the latest occurrence of two by-elections in the same constituency in the same year until the 1990 Bootle by-elections.

Vacancy

Under the provisions of the Succession to the Crown Act 1707 and a number of subsequent Acts, MPs appointed to certain ministerial and legal offices were at this time required to seek re-election.^[1] The by-election in Edinburgh South was caused by the appointment of the sitting Liberal MP, Hugh Childers as Home Secretary.^[2]

Candidates

Childers had been the MP for Edinburgh South for just a few days when he had to resign to seek re-election. He had won the seat on 29 January 1886 in a by-election occasioned by the death of Sir George Harrison who had been elected as an Independent Liberal at the 1885 general election. At the by-election, Childers beat his Conservative challenger, Walter George Hepburne-Scott, 9th Lord Polwarth, taking 70% of the poll.^[3] Before being selected for Edinburgh South, Childers had been MP for Pontefract in the West Riding of Yorkshire since 1860 ^[4] but had lost the seat narrowly at the 1885 general election.^[5]

Childers also had a distinguished government career behind him by 1886 having been, amongst other posts he held, First Lord of the Admiralty, Secretary of State for War and Chancellor of the Exchequer in previous Liberal administrations.^[6]

The writ for the by-election was moved in Parliament on 4 February by Arnold Morley, who went on to be the new government’s Chief Whip, along with a number of writs for other seats involving newly appointed ministers in Gladstone's third administration. These included Gladstone himself, Joseph Chamberlain, Vernon Harcourt and Henry Campbell-Bannerman amongst others.^[7]

Having been so roundly beaten so recently in the constituency, the Tories did not wish to contest Childers’ appointment to the government and there being no other nominations, Childers was returned unopposed.^[8]

January result

1886 by-election: Edinburgh South^[9]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Hugh Childers	4,029	70.0	+29.8
	Conservative	Walter George Hepburne-Scott, 9th Lord Polwarth	1,730	30.0	New
Majority			2,299	40.0	N/A
Turnout			5,759	65.8	−15.8
Registered electors			8,754
	Liberal gain from Independent Liberal		Swing	N/A

February result

Edinburgh South by-election, 9 February 1886^[10]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Hugh Childers	Unopposed	*N/A*	*N/A*
	Liberal hold		Swing	N/A

References

^ Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. p. xiv. ISBN 9781349022984.
^ The Times, 4 February 1886, p5
^ Craig 1974, p499
^ Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results, 1832-1885; Macmillan Press, 1977 p242
^ Craig 1974, p170
^ William Carr, revised H C G Matthew, Hugh Culling Eardley Childers; in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online, 2004-13
^ The Times, 5 February 1886, p8
^ The Times, 10 February 1886, p10
^ Craig 1974
^ The Constitutional Year Book, 1904, published by Conservative Central Office, page 184 (208 in web page)

[craig1885-1] Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. p. xiv. ISBN 9781349022984.

[2] The Times, 4 February 1886, p5

[3] Craig 1974, p499

[4] Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results, 1832-1885; Macmillan Press, 1977 p242

[5] Craig 1974, p170

[6] William Carr, revised H C G Matthew, Hugh Culling Eardley Childers; in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online, 2004-13

[7] The Times, 5 February 1886, p8

[8] The Times, 10 February 1886, p10

[9] Craig 1974

[Year_Book-10] The Constitutional Year Book, 1904, published by Conservative Central Office, page 184 (208 in web page)

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