1889 in Brazil

Events in the year 1889 in Brazil.

Incumbents

Monarch: Pedro II (until 15 November)
President: Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca (de facto, from 15 November)
Vice-President: none
Prime Minister:
- João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira (until 7 June)
- Afonso Celso, Viscount of Ouro Preto (from 7 June to 15 November)
- none (from 15 November)

Alagoas: Government Junta (18 November-21), Tiburcio Valerio de Araujo (21 November-2 December), Pedro Paulino da Fonseca (starting 2 December)
Amazonas: Government Junta (starting 21 November)
Bahia: Virginio Climaco Damasio then Manuel Vitorino Pereira
Ceará: Luis Antonio Ferraz (starting 16 November)
Goiás: Government Junta (starting 7 December)
Maranhão:
Mato Grosso: Antonio Maria Coelho
Minas Gerais: Antonio Olinto dos Santos Pires
Pará: Justo Chermont (starting 17 December)
Paraíba: Venancio Neiva (starting 17 November)
Paraná: Francisco José Cardoso Júnior then José Marques Guimarães
Pernambuco: José Cerqueira de Aguiar Lima (16 November-12 December), José Simeão de Oliveira (starting 12 December)
Piauí: Gregório Taumaturgo de Azevedo (starting 26 December)
Rio Grande do Norte: Pedro de Albuquerque Maranhão (17 November-6 December), Adolfo Afonso da Silva Gordo (starting 6 December)
Rio Grande do Sul: Government Junta (starting 17 November)
Santa Catarina: Lauro Müller (starting 2 December)
São Paulo: Government Junta (starting 14 December)
Sergipe: Junta Governativa Sergipana (starting 14 November), Felisbelo Firmo de Oliveira Freire (starting 2 December)

3 May – The Cabinet of João Alfredo Correia de Oliveira loses a vote of no confidence.

7 June – Afonso Celso de Assis Figuereido, Viscount of Ouro Preto, is appointed to replace Correia de Oliveira as prime minister.^[1]

July – Emperor Dom Pedro II travels to Minas Gerais, demonstrating both that he is still actively engaged in government and the depth of support for the monarchy in the province.^[2]^[3]

11 November – Republicans meet at the home of Rui Barbosa to plan a coup. The chief organizers are Benjamin Constant, Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, Quintino Bocaiuva and Aristides Lobo.
15 November – A coup d'état institutes the First Brazilian Republic.^[4]^[5]^[6]
17 November – Emperor Dom Pedro II and his family are sent into exile in Europe.^[7]
19 November – A new national flag, devised by Raimundo Teixeira Mendes, is adopted by the republic.
20 November – Argentina becomes the first nation to recognize the new government of Deodoro da Fonseca.

24 December – The former royal family receive official notice that they will never be allowed to return to Brazil.

29 March – Teófilo Dias, poet, journalist and lawyer (b. 1854)^[9]
26 June – Tobias Barreto, poet, philosopher, jurist and critic (b. 1839)^[10]
28 June – Francisco Otaviano, poet, lawyer, diplomat, journalist and politician (b. 1825)
21 October – Irineu Evangelista de Sousa, Viscount of Mauá, entrepreneur, industrialist, banker and politician (b. 1813)
28 December – Empress Teresa Cristina, wife of Emperor Dom Pedro II (b. 1822)^[11]

^ Carvalho, José Murilo de (2007). D. Pedro II: ser ou não ser (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. p. 205. ISBN 978-85-359-0969-2.
^ Barman, Roderick J. (1999). Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3510-0.
^ Calmon, Pedro (1975). História de D. Pedro II (in Portuguese). Vol. 1–5. Rio de Janeiro: José Olímpio. p. 352.
^ Barman, Roderick J. (1999). Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3510-0.
^ Calmon, Pedro (1975). História de D. Pedro II (in Portuguese). Vol. 1–5. Rio de Janeiro: José Olímpio.
^ Lira, Heitor (1977). História de Dom Pedro II (1825–1891): Declínio (1880–1891) (in Portuguese). Vol. 3. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia.
^ Carvalho, José Murilo de (2007). D. Pedro II: ser ou não ser (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. p. 220. ISBN 978-85-359-0969-2.
^ Barbara A. Tenenbaum (1996). Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. Scribner. p. 500. ISBN 978-0-684-19253-6.
^ Teófilo Dias' biography at the official site of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (in Portuguese)
^ Tobias Barreto's biography at the official site of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (in Portuguese)
^ Barman, Roderick J. (1999). Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 371. ISBN 978-0-8047-3510-0.