1900 United States elections

The 1900 United States elections elected the 57th United States Congress. The election was held during the Fourth Party System. Republicans retained control of the presidency and both houses of Congress, while third parties suffered defeats.

1900 United States elections

← 1898          1899          1900          1901          1902 → Presidential election year
Election day	November 6
Incumbent president	William McKinley (Republican)
Next Congress	57th
Presidential election
Partisan control	Republican hold
Popular vote margin	Republican +6.1%
Electoral vote
William McKinley (R)	292
William Jennings Bryan (D)	155
1900 presidential election results. Red denotes states won by McKinley, blue denotes states won by Bryan. Numbers indicate the electoral votes won by each candidate.
Senate elections
Overall control	Republican hold
Seats contested	30 of 90 seats
Net seat change	Democratic +2
Results of the elections:      Democratic gain      Democratic hold      Republican gain      Republican hold      Silver Republican gain      Silver Republican hold      Legislature failed to elect
House elections
Overall control	Republican hold
Seats contested	All 357 voting members
Net seat change	Republican +13
Gubernatorial elections
Seats contested	34
Net seat change	Republican +3
1900 gubernatorial election results   Democratic gain   Democratic hold   Republican gain   Republican hold

In a re-match of the 1896 presidential election, Republican President William McKinley defeated Democratic former Representative William Jennings Bryan of Nebraska. McKinley's previous running mate, Vice President Garret Hobart, had died in office, so the Republicans nominated New York Governor Theodore Roosevelt as their vice presidential candidate. McKinley again won by a comfortable margin in both the popular vote and the electoral college, and he picked up a handful of states in the West and the Midwest. McKinley's win made him the first sitting president to win re-election since Ulysses S. Grant in 1872.

Republicans won minor gains in the House, maintaining their majority.

In the Senate, the Democrats made moderate gains while the Populist Party lost three seats. Republicans continued to maintain a commanding majority in the chamber.

See also

• 1900 United States presidential election
• 1900 United States House of Representatives elections
• 1900–01 United States Senate elections

Further reading

• Bailey, John W. Jr. (1973). "The Presidential Election of 1900 in Nebraska: McKinley over Bryan". Nebraska History. 54 (4): 561–584. ISSN 0028-1859.
• Bailey, Thomas A. (1937). "Was the Presidential Election of 1900 a Mandate on Imperialism?". Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 24 (1): 43–52. doi:10.2307/1891336. JSTOR 1891336.
• Beeby, James M. "Red Shirt Violence, Election Fraud, and the Demise of the Populist Party in North Carolina's Third Congressional District, 1900." North Carolina Historical Review 85.1 (2008): 1-28. online
• Bloch, Herman D. "The New York Afro-American's Struggle for Political Rights and the Emergence of Political Recognition, 1865–1900." International Review of Social History 13.3 (1968): 321-349. online
• Brands, Henry William. The reckless decade: America in the 1890s (U of Chicago Press, 2002).
• Brown, M. Craig, and Barbara D. Warner. "Immigrants, urban politics, and policing in 1900." American Sociological Review (1992): 293-305. online
• Coletta, Paolo E. (1964). William Jennings Bryan. Vol. 1. University of Nebraska Press.
• Connolly, James J. The Triumph of Ethnic Progressivism: Urban Political Culture in Boston, 1900-1925 (Harvard UP, 2009).
• Fishel, Leslie H. "The Negro in Northern Politics, 1870-1900." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 42.3 (1955): 466-489. online
• Hair, William Ivy. Bourbonism and Agrarian Protest: Louisiana Politics, 1877--1900 (LSU Press, 1969).
• Harrington, Fred H. (1935). "The Anti-Imperialist Movement in the United States, 1898–1900". Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 22 (2): 211–230. doi:10.2307/1898467. JSTOR 1898467.
• Hilpert, John M. (2015) American Cyclone: Theodore Roosevelt and His 1900 Whistle-Stop Campaign (U Press of Mississippi, 2015), 349 pp.
• Kalisch, Philip A. "The Black Death in Chinatown: Plague and Politics in San Francisco 1900-1904." Arizona and the West 14.2 (1972): 113-136. online
• McKinney, Gordon B. Southern Mountain Republicans 1865-1900: Politics and the Appalachian Community (U North Carolina Press, 1978).
• Moneyhon, Carl H. "Black Politics in Arkansas during the Gilded Age, 1876-1900." Arkansas Historical Quarterly 44.3 (1985): 222-245. online
• Morgan, H. Wayne (1966). "William McKinley as a Political Leader". Review of Politics. 28 (4): 417–432. doi:10.1017/S0034670500013188. JSTOR 1405280. S2CID 145544412.
• Quince, Charles. Resistance to the Spanish-American and Philippine Wars: Anti-imperialism and the Role of the Press, 1895-1902 (McFarland, 2017).
• Schlup, Leonard (1986). "In the Shadow of Bryan: Adlai E. Stevenson and the Resurgence of Conservatism at the 1900 Convention". Nebraska History. 67 (3): 224–238. ISSN 0028-1859.
• Thelen, David Paul. The new citizenship: Origins of progressivism in Wisconsin, 1885-1900 (U of Missouri Press, 1972).
• Tompkins, E. Berkeley (1967). "Scilla and Charybdis: the Anti-imperialist Dilemma in the Election of 1900". Pacific Historical Review. 36 (2): 143–161. doi:10.2307/3636719. JSTOR 3636719.

Primary sources

• Bryan, William Jennings. "The Election of 1900," pp. 788–801 Bryan gives his analysis of why he lost
• Stevenson, Adlai E., et al. "Bryan or McKinley? The Present Duty of American Citizens," The North American Review Vol. 171, No. 527 (Oct. 1900), pp. 433–516 in JSTOR political statements by politicians on all sides, including Adlai E. Stevenson, B. R. Tillman, Edward M. Shepard, Richard Croker, Erving Winslow, Charles Emory Smith, G. F. Hoar, T. C. Platt, W. M. Stewart, Andrew Carnegie, and James H. Eckels