Parliamentary elections were held in Finland between 1 and 3 March 1919.[1] The Social Democratic Party emerged as the largest in Parliament with 80 of the 200 seats. Voter turnout was 67%.[2]
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All 200 seats in the Parliament of Finland 101 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Background
editIn 1919, Finland was still reeling from the violent and traumatic effects of its Civil War. Many Whites (rightists and centrists) felt that a strong national government was necessary to prevent a new civil war. Some conservatives, especially monarchists, even wondered if Finland should keep its democratic and universal right to vote (for example Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, in the White Army's victory parade in Helsinki in May 1918, he called for the giving of Finland's leadership to a strong leader, free from partisan wrangling).
Liberals, such as the first President Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, believed that discontent with Finland's political, social and economic order would be removed by making reforms. Monarchists had elected Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse (a state of Germany) as the Finnish King in October 1918, but he had renounced the throne in December 1918, conscious of the problems that Finland would have in its relations with the United Kingdom and the United States if it had a citizen of the defeated Germany as its king. The parties that favoured a republic (Social Democrats, Agrarians and Progressives) disagreed on how much power the head of state (President) should have. The monarchist parties (National Coalitioners and Swedish People's Party) favoured a strong presidency if there was going to be a republic at all.
In the end, enough Finnish voters sided with the pro-republic parties that also promised significant social reforms, such as the freeing of tenant farmers and the distribution of excess farmland to them.[3][4][5]
Results
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Social Democratic Party | 365,046 | 37.98 | 80 | –12 | |
| Agrarian League | 189,297 | 19.70 | 42 | +16 | |
| National Coalition Party | 151,018 | 15.71 | 28 | New | |
| National Progressive Party | 123,090 | 12.81 | 26 | New | |
| Swedish People's Party | 116,582 | 12.13 | 22 | +1 | |
| Christian Workers' Union | 14,718 | 1.53 | 2 | +2 | |
| Others | 1,350 | 0.14 | 0 | – | |
| Total | 961,101 | 100.00 | 200 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 961,101 | 99.51 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 4,771 | 0.49 | |||
| Total votes | 965,872 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 1,438,709 | 67.13 | |||
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | |||||
Aftermath
editOn 25 July 1919 Ståhlberg defeated Mannerheim in the presidential elections.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p606 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
- ^ Nohlen & Stöver, p613
- ^ Seppo Zetterberg et al., eds., A Small Giant of Finnish History, Helsinki: WSOY, 2003, pages 610-612
- ^ Pentti Virrankoski, A History of Finland 1&2, Helsinki: Finnish Literary Society, 2009, pages 756-758, 766-767
- ^ Jonathan Clements, Mannerheim: President, Soldier, Spy, London, UK: Haus Publishing Ltd, 2009