The 1919 Kiev city census (Ukrainian: Перепис населення м. Київа 1919 р., romanized: Perepys naselennia m. Kyiva 1919 r.; Russian: Перепись населения г. Киева 1919 г., romanized: Perepis' naseleniya g. Kieva 1919 g.) was the first census conducted in the city of Kiev following the Bolshevik occupation of the city in February 1919, taking place on March 16, 1919. The census covered the size, age, ethnic demography, and educational status of the city's population. The final report was published by D.l. Volion, head of the Kiev Provincial Statistical Bureau, in 1920.[1]
| 1919 Kiev city census | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
| General information | ||
| Region | Kiev, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic | |
| Authority | Kiev Provincial Statistical Bureau | |
| Results | ||
| Total population | 544,368 | |
| Most populous | Lvivska | |
| Least populous | Pushcha-Vodytsia | |
Census-taking process
editAs the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was officially established on 10 March 1919, 6 days prior to the taking of the census, the authority responsible for carrying it out, the Kiev Provincial Statistical Bureau, was under its administration. The main statisticians assigned to the carrying out and processing of the census were I. S. Bisk and V. S. Dvynianinov, who had also previously worked on the Kiev city census of 1917 during the rule of the Ukrainian People's Republic.[2][1] There were some procedural issues with the registration of nationality, due to city-census enumerators being allowed to refuse to register people as Ukrainian. Despite this, the census showed an increase in the number of self-declared Ukrainians in Kiev from the 1917 census, as well as a decline in the number of self-declared Russians.[3][4]
Results
editPopulation size
edit
The total population of the city of Kiev in 1919 was found to be made up of 544,368 people. The chart below lists the population of each district of the city.[1]
| District | Population |
|---|---|
| Lvivska | 36,085 |
| Starokyivska | 35,986 |
| Fundukliivska | 33,266 |
| Troitska | 33,002 |
| Okraino-Lybidska | 32,726 |
| Tarasivska | 32,434 |
| Halytska | 31,874 |
| Podilska | 31,683 |
| Dvortsova | 30,964 |
| Hostyno-Dvirna | 30,877 |
| Ploska | 29,614 |
| Solomianska | 26,558 |
| Demiivka | 24,974 |
| Shuliavka | 22,219 |
| Hlybochytsia | 21,120 |
| Lukianivska | 19,040 |
| Pechersk | 18,050 |
| Kurenivka-Priorka | 15,466 |
| Slobidky | 15,417 |
| Syrets-Dachna | 8,365 |
| Zvirynets | 6,510 |
| Sviatoshyno | 5,139 |
| Pushcha-Vodytsia | 2,999 |
National composition
edit
The most numerous ethnic groups in the city were found to be Russians, Ukrainians, and Jews.[1] The percentage of those identifying as Ukrainians within Kiev in 1919 increased from 12% to 24% when compared to the results of the 1917 census, while the percentage identifying as Russians fell from 50% to 42%.[3][4]
| Nationality | Male | Female | Total | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russians | 102,624 | 129,524 | 232,148 | 42.6% |
| Ukrainians | 62,583 | 66,081 | 128,664 | 23.6% |
| Jews | 55,675 | 58,849 | 114,524 | 21.0% |
| Poles | 16,698 | 20,130 | 36,828 | 6.8% |
| Malorussians | 3,971 | 4,288 | 8,259 | 1.5% |
| Other | 11,540 | 8,688 | 20,228 | 3.7% |
| Unknown | 2,169 | 1,549 | 3,718 | 0.7% |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Educational status
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The average literacy of the population of Kiev was found to be 76.5%, 85.4% for males and 68.6% for females. Around 20% of the population was bilingually literate, being able to read the write multiple languages. Ethnically Jewish males had the highest literacy rate of any demographic, at over 90%. The district with the highest literacy was Starokyivska at 85.9%, while Slobidky had the lowest at 59.2%.[1][5][6]
| District | Literacy rate |
|---|---|
| Starokyivska | 85.9% |
| Fundukliivska | 85.3% |
| Lvivska | 84.7% |
| Tarasivska | 83.9% |
| Dvortsova | 83.1% |
| Pechersk | 80.8% |
| Troitska | 80.0% |
| Halytska | 78.9% |
| Lukianivska | 76.9% |
| Hostyno-Dvirna | 76.0% |
| Shuliavka | 74.0% |
| Podilska | 72.9% |
| Sviatoshyno | 72.1% |
| Okraino-Lybidska | 71.0% |
| Syrets-Dachna | 69.6% |
| Solomianska | 68.7% |
| Demiivka | 67.8% |
| Zvirynets | 65.9% |
| Kurenivka | 65.5% |
| Pushcha-Vodytsia | 63.6% |
| Ploska | 62.8% |
| Hlybochytsia | 62.4% |
| Priorka | 59.7% |
| Slobidky | 59.2% |
Aftermath
editThe census took place only 1 year before the All-Russian Agricultural Census of 1920, which covered the entire territory of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, excluding some regions in which active combat was taking place.[7] No census of solely the city of Kiev has taken place since the taking of the census of 1919, making it the final one.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Перепись г. Киева 16 марта 1919 г. [Census of Kiev on March 16, 1919] (in Russian). Kiev: Kiev Provincial Statistical Bureau. 1920. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2022 – via State Public Historical Library of Russia.
Отметить заслуги персонально тех или иных лип невозможно, ибо их слишком много, в различных положениях и отношениях, прошло через работы Вюро в голы гражданской войны, но неизменно руководивший технической стороной работ редактор деморафической секции В. С. Двинянинов занимает в успехе дела особое место. Над планом разработки больше всего думали И. С. Биск, В. С. Двинянинов и др. Подготовка материала к печати, как и редакция второй половины предлагаемого издания, лежала на помощ-нике Зав. Губ. Стат. Бюро И. С. Биске.
- ^ Tytskyi, Serhii Ivanovych (15 December 2016). Kulikov, Petro Musiiovych (ed.). "Вплив індустріально-бюрократичної трансформації в Україні на еволюції соціально-класової структури населення міста Києва наприкінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст" [The influence of industrial and bureaucratic transformation in Ukraine on the evolution of the social-class structure of the population of the city of Kyiv at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries.]. Economic Thought (in Ukrainian). 2 (2): 149–151 – via Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture.
На підставі київського перепису 1917 р. І.С. Біск структурував 467.591 мешканця міста наступним чином: 30123 хазяїв, 2747 рантьє, 34577 службовців в промисловості, торгівлі, натранспорті, державних, громадських і політичних організаціях, 113.806 робітників, 26238 бюрократів у церкві, суді, органах управління, 19542 осіб найманої і самодіяльної інтелігенції, 218.656 утриманців, 21902 інших і невизначених.
- ^ a b Velychenko, Stephen (23 October 2017). Borysenko, Myroslav; Vodotyka, Tetiana (eds.). "Ukrainians and Cities 1861-1917. Not So Rural and Not So Russified" (PDF). City: History, Culture, Society. 1 (2): 49–64. doi:10.15407/mics2017.02.049.
In Kyiv in 1919 Bolshevik city-census enumerators could still refuse to register Ukrainians as Ukrainians. Apparently some were not intimated by Bolshevik rule. One irate resident complained that after he explicitly stated that he was Ukrainian, the enumerator had said: "Okay. It's all the same. Ukrainian – that means Russian. Here there is no difference." He then entered Russian as nationality on his form, and the person concerned would not have known had he not by chance seen the completed form. Enumerators also rewrote all forms written in Ukrainian into Russian. But, by that year, there seem to have been others like the above resident who were prepared to stand-up and declare themselves. Consequently, the published results recorded an increase in the number of declared Ukrainians from 12% in 1917 to 24% and a decline in declared Russians (50% to 42%).
- ^ a b Makaryk, Irene Rima; Tkacz, Virlana (2010). Modernism in Kyiv: Kiev/Kyïv/Kiev/Kijów: Jubilant Experimentation. University of Toronto Press. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-4426-4098-6 – via Google Books.
- ^ Velychenko, Stephen (2019-11-04). Propaganda in Revolutionary Ukraine: Leaflets, Pamphlets, and Cartoons, 1917–1922. University of Toronto Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-4875-3070-9 – via Google Books.
A 1919 Kyiv city census indicated that 20 per cent of the 544,369 counted could read and write in two languages and that 46 per cent could read and write in one language.
- ^ Estraikh, Gennady (4 February 1999). Soviet Yiddish: Language-Planning and Linguistic Development. Oxford University Press. p. 139. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198184799.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-818479-9.
in Kiev the 1919 census revealed that over 90 per cent of males and over 80 per cent of females, comprising the city's 114,500 Jews, were literate.
- ^ Mogilner, Marina (March 2019). "ARA relief campaign in the Volga region, Jewish anthropometric statistics, and the scientific promise of integration". Science in Context. 32 (1). Cambridge University Press (published 24 May 2019): 5–24. doi:10.1017/S0269889719000012. ISSN 0269-8897. PMID 31124772. S2CID 163167348.