General elections were held in Honduras between 27 and 29 October 1923.[1] Tiburcio Carías Andino received the highest number of votes, with 47% of the ballots cast.[2] However, as no candidate had received an absolute majority in the public vote, Congress would vote on the candidates. However, Congress did not meet again until 1 January the following year.[3] In December President Rafael López Gutiérrez declared a state of siege, suspended the constitution, and announced that he would remain in office in order to keep the peace.[4] Although Congress was dominated by the two liberal parties, they did not want Carías, but also could not agree on a common candidate.[5]
As a result, Carías started a civil war in February, known as the War of Revindication. López Gutiérrez lost the support of his party in several provinces.[6] Scattered fighting took place over two months, with 400 American marines occupying Tegucigalpa.[7]
Background
editIn April 1923 Carías was selected by the National Party's Central Committee as the party's candidate for president, with Miguel Paz Barahona as his running mate.[8]
Results
editPresident
edit| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tiburcio Carías Andino | National Party | 49,541 | 47.13 | |
| Policarpo Bonilla | Liberal Constitutionalist Party | 35,160 | 33.45 | |
| Juan Ángel Arias Boquín | Liberal Party | 20,424 | 19.43 | |
| Total | 105,125 | 100.00 | ||
| Source: Nohlen | ||||
Congress
edit| Party | Seats | |
|---|---|---|
| Liberal Constitutionalist Party | 18 | |
| National Party | 15 | |
| Liberal Party | 9 | |
| Total | 42 | |
| Source: UCSD | ||
References
edit- ^ Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I, p407 ISBN 978-0-19-928357-6
- ^ Nohlen, p414
- ^ Stokes, WS (1950) Honduras: an area study in government Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, p247
- ^ Dodd, TJ (2005) Tiburcio Carías: portrait of a Honduran political leader Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, p34
- ^ Euraque, DA (1996) Reinterpreting the banana republic: region and state in Honduras, 1870-1972 Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, p55
- ^ Dodd, p35
- ^ Dunkerley, J (1988) Power in the isthmus: a political history of modern Central America London: Verso, p67
- ^ Dodd, pp32-33
Bibliography
edit- Argueta, Mario. Tiburcio Carías: anatomía de una época, 1923-1948. Tegucigalpa: Editorial Guaymuras. 1989.
- Argueta, Mario. “El ascenso de Tiburcio Carías Andino.” Revista política de Honduras 4:77-121 (April 1999).
- Bardales B., Rafael. Historia del Partido Nacional de Honduras. Tegucigalpa: Servicopiax Editores. 1980.
- Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. “Honduras since 1930.” Bethell, Leslie, ed. 1991. Central America since independence. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- García Laguardia, Jorge Mario. Honduras: evolución político constitucional 1824-1936. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Corte de Constitucionalidad de Guatemala. 1999.
- Mahoney, James. The legacies of liberalism: path dependence and political regimes in Central America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2001.
- Mariñas Otero, Luis. “La evolución del estado liberal: de la guerra civil a la crisis del 30.” Yankelevich, Pablo, ed. 1990. Honduras. México: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Mora, Universidad de Guadalajara, Nueva Imagen.
- Martz, John D. Central America, the crisis and the challenge. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 1959.
- Morris, James A. Honduras: caudillo politics and military rulers. Boulder: Westview Press. 1984.
- Paredes, Lucas. Drama político de Honduras. México: Editora Latinoamericana, S.A. 1958.