The 1932–33 East Greenland Expedition, sub-titled the Pan Am expedition by some sources,[1] was a small expedition to Greenland led by Henry "Gino" Watkins until his death and then by John Rymill.[2] The expedition was intended to continue the work of the previous British Arctic Air Route Expedition (BAARE) that had mapped unexplored sections of Greenland in 1930–1931.[3]
Expedition
editFunding was a major concern to the expedition, dictating its size and scope. It received £500 from Pan-American Airways. The company was hoping to open an air route between Canada and Britain, which would require a refueling facility in the Arctic, and wanted data on meteorology and flying conditions. £200 was contributed by the Royal Geographical Society, which also loaned surveying equipment; the Meteorological Office loaned meteorological instruments. The Times newspaper contributed £100 in return for the press rights.[1]
There were only four members of this expedition: Gino Watkins as leader, John Rymill (surveyor), Freddie Spencer Chapman (ornithologist and photographer) and Quintin Riley (meteorologist). Their aim was to follow up their work of the previous summer's British Arctic Air Route Expedition as well as undertaking meteorological observations for Pan Am.[1]
The expedition began in July 1932. However, on 20 August Watkins died in an accident while hunting for seals in Tuttilik (Tugtilik Fjord). His empty kayak was found floating upside down by his companions. His body was never found.[4]
Rymill assumed leadership of the expedition and he, Spencer Chapman and Riley decided to continue the expedition but were forced to limit its scope. They wintered in Greenland and surveyed area of about 440 km2 (170 sq mi) collecting flora and fauna specimens in the process. Chapman and his companions went through many hardships during the winter, braving rough weather conditions. In the spring Chapman spent a month among Ammassalik Inuit studying local birds, meanwhile Rymill and Riley surveyed the coast in order to improve on the maps of the area. The expedition concluded at the end of the 1933 summer season. The three members reached Reykjavík on 24 September, catching a steamer to Hull and returning finally to the United Kingdom in the fall of 1933.[1]
Bibliography
edit- Chapman, F. S. (1934). Watkins’ Last Expedition. London: Chatto and Windus.
- Apollonio, Spencer (2008). Lands That Hold One Spellbound: A Story of East Greenland. University of Calgary Press.
- Rymill, J. R.; Riley, Quintin; Chapman, F. S. (1934). "The Tugtilik (Lake Fjord) Country, East Greenland". The Geographical Journal. 83 (5). Royal Geographical Society: 364–377. doi:10.2307/1785720. JSTOR 1785720.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d "East Greenland Expedition (Pan Am) 1932-33". Scott Polar Research Institute. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ "Mr Watkins' Expedition to East Greenland, 1932–33". Polar Record. 1 (5). Cambridge University Press: 28–30. 1933. doi:10.1017/S0032247400030138. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
- ^ Scott, Jeremy (2008). Dancing on Ice: A Stirring Tale of Adventure, Risk and Reckless Folly. London: Old Street Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905847-50-1.
- ^ "Watkins, Explorer, England" (PDF). The Urban Explorer. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 13 January 2020.