The following lists events that happened during 1943 in Australia.
- 5 January – Mary Gaudron, High Court judge
- 9 January – Robert Drewe, journalist and writer
- 29 January – Molly Meldrum, journalist, critic, and producer
- 8 February – Malcolm Donnelly, opera singer
- 1 March – Dyson Heydon, High Court judge
- 12 March – Philip Ruddock, politician
- 14 March – Aila Keto, environmentalist
- 19 March – Vern Schuppan, racing driver
- 22 March – Brian Austin, politician
- 6 April – Chris Gallus, politician
- 9 April – Brian James, rugby league player (died 2020)
- 11 April – Judith Adams, Liberal Senator for South Australia (died 2012)
- 26 April – David Combe, political lobbyist (died 2019)
- 29 April – John Tranter, poet (died 2023)
- 30 April – Paul Jennings, children's author
- 2 May
- 7 May
- 17 May – Johnny Warren (died 2004), soccer player and coach
- 19 May – Bob Graham, NSW politician
- 1 June – Ian King, cricketer
- 4 June – John Burgess, TV & radio host (Wheel of Fortune & Burgo's Catch Phrase)
- 11 June – Ray Warren, rugby league commentator
- 19 June – Barry Hill, historian and writer
- 3 July – Judith Durham, singer (The Seekers) (died 2022)
- 11 July – Richard Carleton, television journalist (died 2006)
- 25 July – Desmond Mueller, Vice Chief of the Defence Force (2000–2002)
- 26 July – Robyn Woodhouse, high jumper
- 18 August – Jean Roberts, Olympic shot putter and discus thrower
- 5 September – Jack Charles, actor and Aboriginal elder (died 2022)
- 16 September
- 22 September – Dale Spender, feminist scholar, teacher, writer and consultant (died 2023)
- 26 September – Ian Chappell, cricketer
- 4 October – Owen Davidson, tennis player (died 2023)
- 6 October – Peter Dowding, Premier of Western Australia (1988–1990)
- 9 October – Dianne Burge, Olympic sprinter (died 2024)
- 6 November – Ian Turpie (died 2012), TV host & singer (The New Price Is Right)
- 8 November – Peter Cook (died 2005), politician
- 23 November – Tony Bonner, actor
- 25 November – Jan Andrew, Olympic swimmer
- 29 November – Janet Holmes à Court, businesswoman
- 19 December – Jimmy Mackay, soccer player (died 1998)
- 3 January – Sir Walter James, 5th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1863)
- 8 January – Richard Hillary, fighter pilot and author (died in the United Kingdom) (b. 1919)
- 14 February – Alice Henry, suffragist, journalist and trade unionist (b. 1857)
- 7 March – Alma Moodie, violinist and educator (died in Germany) (b. 1898)
- 28 March – Keith Truscott, Australian rules footballer (Melbourne) and fighter pilot (b. 1916)
- 29 March – William Ellis Newton, soldier and Victoria Cross recipient (died in New Guinea) (b. 1919)
- 25 April – Sir Arthur Cocks, New South Wales politician (b. 1862)
- 19 May – Billy Sing, soldier (b. 1886)
- 25 May – Albert Robinson, South Australian politician (b. 1877)
- 14 June – John McNeill, Victorian politician (b. 1868)
- 28 June – Pietro Porcelli, sculptor (born in Italy) (b. 1872)
- 21 July
- 6 August – Tom Garrett, cricketer (b. 1858)
- 20 August – Sir William Irvine, 21st Premier of Victoria and 5th Chief Justice of Victoria (born in Ireland) (b. 1858)
- 1 September – Sir Arthur Streeton, artist (b. 1867)
- 23 September – John Bradfield, engineer (b. 1867)
- 2 October – Sir John Evans, 21st Premier of Tasmania (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1855)
- 14 October – Jimmy Matthews, cricketer (b. 1884)
- 15 October – Thomas Henry Dodds, soldier (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1873)
- 23 October – Sir George Fairbairn, Victorian politician (b. 1855)
- 6 November – William Lister Lister, artist (b. 1859)
- 9 November – Reginald Spencer Browne, soldier, journalist and newspaper editor (b. 1856)
- 22 November – Thomas Ryan, trade unionist and politician (born in Ireland) (b. 1870)
- 23 November – Ernie Jones, cricketer and Australian rules footballer (Port Adelaide) (b. 1869)
- 27 November – Louis Esson, poet and playwright (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1878)
- 10 December – Frederick Chapman, palaeontologist (born in the United Kingdom) (b. 1864)
