The following are the baseball events of the year 1950 throughout the world.

Champions

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Major League Baseball

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Other champions

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Winter leagues

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Club tournaments

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Awards and honors

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Statistical leaders

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American League National League
Stat Player Total Player Total
AVG Billy Goodman (BRS) .354 Stan Musial (SLC) .346
HR Al Rosen (CLE) 37 Ralph Kiner (PIT) 47
RBI Walt Dropo (BRS)
Vern Stephens (BRS)
144 Del Ennis (PHP) 126
W Bob Lemon (CLE) 23 Warren Spahn (BSB) 21
ERA Early Wynn (CLE) 3.20 Sal Maglie (NYG) 2.71
K Bob Lemon (CLE) 170 Warren Spahn (BSB) 191

Major league baseball final standings

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American League final standings

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National League final standings

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All-American Girls Professional Baseball League final standings

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Rank Team W L Pct. GB
1 Rockford Peaches 67 44 .604
2 Fort Wayne Daisies 62 43 .590 2
3 Kenosha Comets 63 46 .578 3
4 Grand Rapids Chicks 59 53 .527
5 South Bend Blue Sox 55 55 .500 11½
6 Racine Belles 50 59 .459 16
7 Peoria Redwings 44 63 .411 21
8 Kalamazoo Lassies 36 73 .330 30

Nippon Professional Baseball final standings

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Central League final standings

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Central League G W L T Pct. GB
Shochiku Robins 137 98 35 4 .737
Chunichi Dragons 137 89 44 4 .669 9.0
Yomiuri Giants 140 82 54 4 .603 17.5
Osaka Tigers 140 70 67 3 .511 30.0
Taiyo Whales 140 69 68 3 .504 31.0
Nishi Nippon Pirates 136 50 83 3 .376 48.0
Kokutetsu Swallows 138 42 94 2 .309 57.5
Hiroshima Carp 138 41 96 1 .299 59.0

Pacific League final standings

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Pacific League G W L T Pct. GB
Mainichi Orions 120 81 34 5 .704
Nankai Hawks 120 66 49 5 .574 15.0
Daiei Stars 120 62 54 4 .534 19.5
Hankyu Braves 120 54 64 2 .458 28.5
Nishitetsu Clippers 120 51 67 2 .432 31.5
Tokyu Flyers 120 51 69 0 .425 32.5
Kintetsu Pearls 120 44 72 4 .379 37.5

Events

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January

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  • January 10 – R. R. M. Carpenter Jr., the 34-year-old owner of the Philadelphia Phillies, announces that his team is abandoning its six-year-old attempt to rebrand itself as the Philadelphia Blue Jays. Returning whole-heartedly to their original moniker, in use since 1885, the 1950 Phillies will deck themselves out in red, pinstriped home uniforms with bright red caps, sweatshirts and socks, and Phillies in red script across their shirtfronts.

February

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March

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April

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  • May 6 – The Boston Braves hit five home runs in a 15–11 trouncing of the Cincinnati Reds. This gives the Braves a National League record of 13 home runs in three consecutive games‚ breaking the mark of 12 set by the New York Giants on July 1‚ 2‚ 3‚ 1947. Grady Hatton and Ron Northey hit consecutive homers for the Reds in a lost cause.
  • May 9 – Ralph Kiner of the Pittsburgh Pirates hits his second grand slam in three days -and the 8th of his career-, and adds a three-run homer to drives in seven runs as the Pirates beat the Brooklyn Dodgers, 10–5.
  • May 11 – After a misplay of a ball in the outfield, Red Sox fans boo Ted Williams. Williams reacts to the fans by giving the fans in the outfield section an obscene gesture (Williams make the gesture three times, once to the fans in right field, next, fans in center field, and finally the fans in left). The boos continue when Williams comes to bat, driving Williams to leave the batters box and spit on a group of fans nearby that were booing him.[5]
  • May 12 – One day after his emotional outburst, Ted Williams issues an apology to Red Sox fans.
  • May 26:
    • The Philadelphia Athletics, whose season began with the hope of pennant contention in Connie Mack's 50th year as manager, compound their on-field woes—they've dropped 21 of their first 32 American League games—with severe dissension among the Mack family itself. Mack's son Connie Jr. and Ben Macfarland (a member of the Shibe family), along with Mack's wife, are arrayed in one ownership faction, while Mack's older sons Roy and Earle by his first marriage form the opposition. Today, the Connie Jr./Macfarland tandem engineer the removal of Earle Mack as the club's assistant manager and heir apparent to Connie Sr., and name Baseball Hall of Fame former catcher Mickey Cochrane general manager and head of the front office, while Jimmy Dykes is elevated from coach to assistant manager. Roy and Earle Mack, who remain co-owners, begin planning to buy out their half-brother, stepmother and Macfarland and regain control of the team. To do so, they will go into debt that will seriously hamper their efforts to keep the club solvent in coming years.
    • The 8–22 Chicago White Sox, lodged in last place in the American League, replace manager Jack Onslow with coach Red Corriden, who will handle the club for the remainder of 1950.

June

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July

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August

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September

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  • September 5 – The New York Yankees purchased the contract of outfielder Johnny Hopp from Pittsburgh Pirates
  • September 7 – The St. Louis Cardinals purchase the contract of Peanuts Lowrey from the Cincinnati Reds.
  • September 27 – Seventeen year old Harry Chiti makes his MLB debut for the Chicago Cubs. Chiti's best remember for something that happened later in his career. He would become the first player in major league history traded for himself.
  • September 30 – The Brooklyn Dodgers pull within one game of the National League lead, winning 7–3 over the Philadelphia Phillies in the first of a two-games series at Ebbets Field. Duke Snider and Roy Campanella hit home runs for the Dodgers, as Erv Palica (13–8) is the winning pitcher. Bob Miller (11–6) is the loser.

October

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  • October 1
  • October 7 – The New York Yankees defeat the Philadelphia Phillies, 5–2, in Game 4 of the World Series to win undefeated their thirteenth World Championship. The Phillies will not appear again in the postseason until 1976, and they will not appear again in the World Series until they won it for the very first time in 1980.
  • October 8 – Former MLB catcher Paul Richards, 42, is named manager of the Chicago White Sox. In 1950, Richards had led the Triple-A Seattle Rainiers to only a 96–104 record over the lengthy Pacific Coast League season, but in Chicago he will turn around the on-field fortunes of the long-bedraggled franchise, posting a 342–265–6 (.563) mark and four first-division finishes.
  • October 10 – The Chicago Cubs acquire two first basemen from the Brooklyn Dodgers in exchange for Hank Edwards and cash. The two first basemen are Dee Fondy, who would go on to be the regular first baseman for the Cubs. The other was Chuck Connors, who'd gain fame as the star of TV's The Rifleman.
  • October 16 – Eddie Dyer, manager of the St. Louis Cardinals since Opening Day 1946, resigns his post after a disappointing, fifth-place finish. He leaves with a 446–325–6 (.578) record over five seasons, with one World Series championship. Dyer will return full-time to his successful business career in Houston.
  • October 18 – Hall-of-Famer Connie Mack, 87, retires as manager of the Philadelphia Athletics after 50 years at the helm—the only pilot the team has known since its founding in 1901. Assistant manager Jimmy Dykes, 53, who played for "The Tall Tactician" between 1918 and 1932, then spent all or part of 13 seasons between 1934 and 1946 as manager of the Chicago White Sox, is named Mack's successor. Mack, who retains the title of team president and his ownership stake, retires after having won nine American League pennants and five World Series championships over his half century with the Athletics; however, he compiled a losing winning percentage (.484) over that time, and his Philadelphia teams finished last 17 times and were frequently in financial distress.[7]
  • October 26 – A seismic change occurs in the Brooklyn Dodgers' front office. One-quarter owner Walter O'Malley announces that Branch Rickey's contract as president and general manager will not be renewed, and that he has acquired Rickey's 25% interest to become principal owner, controlling 50% of the team's stock. O'Malley, 47, assumes the club presidency and promotes two Dodger executives to vice president: Montreal Royals' general manager Buzzie Bavasi, who will supervise the MLB Dodgers' baseball operations, and assistant minor league director Fresco Thompson, who will run the far-flung Brooklyn farm system. O'Malley thus triumphs in a long-running power struggle with Rickey over the Dodgers' operations.

November

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December

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  • December 5 – Mel Ott hires on for two years in the Oakland Oaks managerial spot vacated by Chuck Dressen.
  • December 11 – Serious dissatisfaction with Commissioner of Baseball Happy Chandler's job performance unexpectedly surfaces at the MLB owners' meeting in Saint Petersburg, Florida. An early discussion of extending Chandler's contract (which expires April 30, 1952) reveals that only nine of the 16 clubs are in favor of retaining the former U.S. Senator from Kentucky. Three votes are then taken, with Chandler failing to gain more than nine "ayes". Chandler offers to quit immediately, then vows he will remain "to the last second of office". The owners then vote unanimously to begin searching for a new Commissioner while Chandler campaigns to keep his post.

Movies

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Births

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January

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February

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March

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April

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June

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July

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August

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September

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October

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November

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December

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Deaths

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January

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  • January 8 – Helene Robison Britton, 70, first woman to own a major league team when she inherited the St. Louis Cardinals from her uncle in 1911; sold Redbirds in 1917 to a local consortium that included Sam Breadon and Branch Rickey.
  • January 14 – Bill Thomas, 72, outfielder for the 1902 Philadelphia Phillies.
  • January 16 – Rudy Hulswitt, 72, shortstop who played for the Louisville Colonels, Philadelphia Phillies, Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals in parts of seven seasons spanning 1899–1910.
  • January 17:
    • Jewel Ens, 60, backup infielder for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1922 to 1925, who later managed (1929–1931) and served as a coach (1926–1929 and 1935–1939) for them; member of the 1925 World Series champions and 1927 National League champs; also coached for Detroit Tigers, Cincinnati Reds and Boston Braves; manager of Syracuse Chiefs of the International League from 1942 until his death.
    • Roy Sanders, 57, pitcher who played from 1917 to 1918 for the Cincinnati Reds and Pittsburgh Pirates.
  • January 26:
    • Chick Autry, 46, backup catcher who played for the New York Yankees, Cleveland Indians and Chicago White Sox in part of six seasons spanning 1924–1930.
    • Tom Bannon, 80, backup first baseman and outfielder for the New York Giants in their 1895 and 1896 seasons.
  • January 29 – Monroe Sweeney, 57, umpire who officiated in the National League between the 1924 and 1926 seasons.

February

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  • February 2 – John Butler, 70, backup catcher who played with the Milwaukee Brewers, St. Louis Cardinals and Brooklyn Superbas in four seasons from 1901 to 1907, and later coached for the Chicago White Sox.
  • February 3 – Dick Spalding, 56, outfielder for the Philadelphia Phillies in the 1927 season and the Washington Senators in 1928, who previously played the first two games in the history of the U.S. national soccer team and also competed in professional soccer for nearly fifteen years.
  • February 5 – Ralph Shafer, 55, who appeared as a pinch-runner in one game for the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 1914 season.
  • February 6 – Art Fletcher, 65, a player, coach and manager who participated in fourteen World Series––four as a smooth fielding shortstop for the New York Giants and ten as a base coach with the New York Yankees––earning nine series rings with the Yankees; led the National League for the most assists in 1915 and from 1917 to 1919; manager of the Philadelphia Phillies from 1923 to 1926 and acting skipper of the Yankees in September 1929.
  • February 10 – Charlie Roy, 65, pitcher for the 1906 Philadelphia Phillies.
  • February 11:
    • Kiki Cuyler, 51, Hall of Fame outfielder with a strong throwing arm as well as a solid line-drive hitter in an 18-year career from 1921 to 1938, who collected a .321 batting average with 2,299 hits and led the Major Leagues in stolen bases four times being a member of the National League pennant-winning Pittsburgh Pirates and Chicago Cubs clubs, while leaving a definitive legacy when he hit a two-run, two-out double off Washington Senators pitcher Walter Johnson in the eighth inning of Game 7 of the 1925 World Series for a 9–7 lead, clinching the series title for the Pirates;[8] coach for Cubs (1941–1943) and Boston Red Sox (1949 until his death).
    • Hank Griffin, 63, pitcher who played from 1911 to 1912 for the Chicago Cubs and Boston Braves.
    • Paul Meloan, 61, right fielder who played with the Chicago White Sox and St. Louis Browns between 1910 and 1911.
  • February 17 – Jack Dalton, 64, outfielder who became one of only a few players to see action in three different Major Leagues, while playing with the Brooklyn Superbas and Dodgers of the National League, as well as for the Buffalo Blues of the outlaw Federal League and the Detroit Tigers of the American League in part of four seasons spanning 1910–1916.

March

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  • March 5 – Effie Norton, 76, pitcher who played from 1896 to 1897 for the Washington Senators of the National League.
  • March 7 – Joe Brown, 49, pitcher who played for the Chicago White Sox in 1927.
  • March 11 – William Gallagher, 76, shortstop and catcher who played for the Philadelphia Phillies in 1896.
  • March 13 – George Young, 60, pinch-hitter who played in two games for the Cleveland Naps in 1913.
  • March 16 – Nubs Kleinke, 38, pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals in part of two seasons from 1936 to 1938.
  • March 22 – Slim Sallee, 65, pitcher who posted a lifetime mark of 174-143 and a 2.56 ERA for the St. Louis Cardinals, Cincinnati Reds and New York Giants in span of 14 seasons from 1908 through 1921, helping Cincinnati clinch the 1919 World Series and the Giants win the National League pennant in 1917.
  • March 24 – Bert Lewis, 54, pitcher for the 1924 Philadelphia Phillies.
  • March 25 – Pussy Tebeau, 80, outfielder who played briefly for the Cleveland Spiders during the 1895 season.
  • March 27 – Fred Frank, 77, outfielder for the 1898 Cleveland Spiders.
  • March 28:

April

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  • April 2 – Doc Sechrist, 74, pitcher who played for the New York Giants in its 1899 season
  • April 9 – John McDonald, 67, pitcher for the 1907 Washington Senators.
  • April 11 – Dick McCabe, 54, who pitched for the Boston Red Sox in the 1918 season and the Chicago White Sox in 1922.
  • April 19 – Dusty Miller, 73, outfielder for the 1902 Chicago Orphans of the National League.
  • April 22 – Dave Pickett, 75, outfielder who played for the Boston Beaneaters in 1898.
  • April 23:
    • Bill Hallman, 74, outfielder who played with the Milwaukee Brewers and Chicago White Sox in part of four seasons between 1901 and 1907.
    • Dike Varney, 69, pitcher for the 1902 Cleveland Bronchos of the American League.
  • April 25 – Offa Neal, 73, third baseman who appeared in four games with the New York Giants in 1905, and also spent 12 seasons in the Minor Leagues as a player, coach or manager.
  • April 30 – Tom Niland, 80, outfielder for the 1896 St. Louis Browns of the National League.
  • May 2 – Jo-Jo Morrissey, 46, infielder who played for the Cincinnati Reds and the Chicago White Sox in part of three seasons between 1932 and 1936.
  • May 3 – Jim Galloway, 62, second baseman who played for the St. Louis Cardinals in 1912 and served in World War I, then returned to baseball in 1920 to play ten more seasons, retiring in 1929 at the age 41.
  • May 4 – Vince Molyneaux, 61, pitcher who played from 1917 to 1918 for the St. Louis Browns and Boston Red Sox.
  • May 9 – Art Watson, 66, catcher who played from 1914 to 1915 for the Brooklyn Tip-Tops and Buffalo Blues clubs of the outlaw Federal League.
  • May 19 – Wattie Holm, 48, fourth outfielder who played with the St. Louis Cardinals in a span of seven seasons from 1924 to 1932, as well for the 1926 World Champion Cardinals.
  • May 23 – Ernie Groth, 65, pitcher for the 1904 Chicago Cubs.

June

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  • June 4:
    • Dan Griner, 62, pitcher who played for the St. Louis Cardinals and Brooklyn Robins in all or part of seven seasons spanning 1912–1916.
    • Dean Sturgis, 57, backup catcher for the Philadelphia Athletics during the 1914 season.
  • June 6 – Walt Thomas, 66, shortstop who appeared in six games for the 1908 Boston Doves of the National League.
  • June 8 – Ledell Titcomb, 83, pitcher who played with four teams in the National League and American Association in four seasons from 1886 to 1890, sporting a record of 30-28 with a 3.47 ERA in 63 games, while pitching a no-hitter against the Syracuse Stars in 1890.[9]
  • June 28 – Mutz Ens, 65, first baseman who played for the Chicago White Sox in its 1912 season.
  • June 30:

July

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  • July 2 – Joe Gormley, 83, pitcher for the Philadelphia Phillies during the 1891 National League season.
  • July 3 – Ed Donalds, 67, pitcher who played briefly for the Cincinnati Reds in 1912.
  • July 5 – Joe Sargent, 56, middle infielder and third baseman who appeared in 66 games with the Detroit Tigers in 1921.
  • July 10 – John L. Smith, 61, pharmaceutical executive (Pfizer) who had been a co-owner and one of four equal partners in the Brooklyn Dodgers since 1945.
  • July 15 – Biddy Dolan, 69, first baseman who played in 1914 for the Indianapolis Hoosiers of the Federal League.
  • July 17 – Fred Blanding, 62, pitcher who posted a record of 46–46 with a 3.13 ERA for the Cleveland Naps in five seasons from 1910 to 1914.
  • July 18 – Art LaVigne, 65, catcher who played for the Buffalo Buffeds of the Federal League in its 1914 season.
  • July 23 – Bill Lange, 79, center fielder who played his entire seven-year career for the Chicago Colts and Orphans of the National League from 1893 through 1899, collecting a .330 batting average with 400 stolen bases in 813 games and ranking in several season categories, including average, home runs, RBI, runs scored and stolen bases, while leading the league with 73 steals in 1897.[10]

August

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  • August 4:
    • John Burke, 73, pitcher for the 1902 New York Giants.
    • Harry Coveleski, 64, left-handed pitcher for the Philadelphia Phillies, Cincinnati Reds and Detroit Tigers over nine seasons from 1907 to 1918, a three-time 20-game winner who is best remembered for his rookie season with the Phillies in 1908, when he defeated the powerful New York Giants three times in a span of five days at the end of the season, to deny John McGraw's squad the 1908 National League pennant, which forced a replay of the infamous Merkle's Boner game.[11]
  • August 9 – Ed Klepfer, 62, spitball pitcher who played for the New York Yankees, Chicago White Sox and Cleveland Indians in a span of six seasons between 1911 and 1919.
  • August 10 – Leo Kavanagh, 56, shortstop who played for the Chicago Whales of the outlaw Federal League in its 1914 season.
  • August 11 – Frank Smykal, 60, shortstop for the 1916 Pittsburgh Pirates.
  • August 17:
    • Pit Gilman, 86, backup outfielder who played with the Cleveland Blues in its 1884 season.
    • Paddy O'Connor, 71, Irish catcher who played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, St. Louis Cardinals, Pittsburgh Rebels and New York Yankees over six seasons spanning 1908–1918.
  • August 20 – Ed Zmich, 65, pitcher who played with the St. Louis Cardinals from 1910 to 1911.
  • August 25 – George Disch, 71, pitcher for the 1905 Detroit Tigers.
  • August 29 – Doc Ralston, 65, fourth outfielder for the Washington Senators in their 1910 season.

September

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  • September 1 – Frank Pearce, 45, pitcher who played from 1933 through 1935 for the Philadelphia Phillies.
  • September 3 – Jim Connor, 87, second baseman for the Chicago Colts and Orphans clubs of the National League in part of three seasons spanning 1892–1899, who also spent six years in the Minor Leagues, including a stint as player/manager for the Newburgh Hillies of the Hudson River League in its 1907 season.
  • September 14 – Billy Ging, 77, pitcher for the 1889 Boston Beaneaters of the National League.
  • September 15 – Joe Knotts, 66. backup catcher who played in 1907 with the Boston Doves of the National League.
  • September 17 – Jerry Hurley, 87, catcher who played for the Boston Beaneaters in the National League in 1889, the Pittsburgh Burghers in the Players' League in 1890, and the Cincinnati Kelly's Killers of the American Association in 1891.
  • September 21 – Duke Kenworthy, 64, second baseman who spent four seasons in the Major Leagues, including stints in the American League with the Washington Senators in 1912 and the St. Louis Browns in 1917. and for the Kansas City Packers of the short-lived Federal League from 1914 to 1915.
  • September 23 – Sam Barry, 57, collegiate athletic coach who achieved significant accomplishments in three major sports, as well as one of the principal forces behind the creation of the College World Series, which his team won in 1948.
  • September 25 – Pep Deininger, 72, German pitcher and center fielder who played for the Boston Americans and Philadelphia Phillies in part of three seasons spanning 1902–1909.
  • September 26 – John Scheneberg, 62, who pitched with the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 1913 season and for the St. Louis Browns in 1920.
  • September 28 – George Paynter, 79, outfielder who played in 1894 for the St. Louis Browns of the National League.
  • September 30:
    • Ned Crompton, 61, English outfielder who played with the St. Louis Browns of the American League during the 1909 season, and later appeared in one game for the Cincinnati Reds of the National League in 1910.
    • Jack Harper, who pitched for five teams in an eight-year career between 1889 and 1906, sporting an 80–64 record and 3.55 ERA in 158 games, including two 23-win seasons with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1901 and the Cincinnati Reds in 1904.

October

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  • October 1 – Red Howell, 41, pinch hitter for 1941 Cleveland Indians, reaching base six times in 11 plate appearances (four walks and two singles); in his 17-year minor-league career (1928–1944) as an outfielder, he collected 2,509 hits and 229 homers in 2,121 career games, batting .326.
  • October 14 – Jocko Fields, 50, outfielder who played from 1887 through 1891 for the Pittsburgh Alleghenys, Burghers and Pirates teams, as well as for the Philadelphia Phillies in 1891 and the New York Giants in 1892.
  • October 17 – Tom Tuckey, 66, pitcher who played for the Boston Doves in the 1908 and 1909 seasons.
  • October 19 – Lefty Gervais, 60, pitcher for the 1913 Boston Braves.

November

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December

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  • December 1 – Bob Hall, 71, who played some outfield and infield utility positions with the Philadelphia Phillies, New York Giants and Brooklyn Superbas between 1904 and 1905.
  • December 5 – Bill Dahlen, 80, one of the finest shortstops between 1891 and 1911 as well as a reliable hitter and aggressive baserunner, whose leadership helped the 1905 New York Giants win the World Series title, ending his career with 2,461 hits and 548 stolen bases, and having played more games than any player in Major League history, with 2,444.[13]
  • December 6 – Jing Johnson, 56, pitcher who played for the Philadelphia Athletics in all or part of five seasons spanning 1916–1928.
  • December 9 – Mickey Corcoran, 68, second baseman who appeared in 14 games for the 1910 Cincinnati Reds; prolific minor-league base-stealer who swiped 384 bags in 1,875 games played.
  • December 19 – Wingo Anderson, 64, pitcher for the Cincinnati Reds in its 1910 season.
  • December 20 – Carroll Yerkes, 47, who pitched for the Philadelphia Athletics and Chicago Cubs over the course of five seasons between 1927 and 1933.
  • December 21 – Dad Lytle, 88, second baseman and outfielder who split time with the Chicago Colts and the Pittsburgh Alleghenys during their 1890 season.
  • December 22 – Rip Egan, 79, pitcher who appeared in one game with the Washington Senators of the National League in 1894, and later managed in the Minor Leagues and worked as an umpire in the American League from 1907 to 1914.
  • December 22 – Cal Vasbinder, 70, pitcher who played in 1902 for the Cleveland Bronchos of the American League.

Sources

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  1. ^ Taylor, Dan (2020). "Paul Pettit". sabr.org. The Society for American Baseball Research Biography Project. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
  2. ^ "Washington Senators 8, Philadelphia Athletics 7". Retrosheet box score (April 18, 1950)
  3. ^ "Martin, Billy", in The Yankee Encyclopedia, Mark Gallagher, ed. (Sports Publishing LLC, 2003) p148
  4. ^ "New York Yankees 15, Boston Red Sox 10". Retrosheet box score (April 18, 1950)
  5. ^ "All%20Teams History - May 11th - National Pastime - Baseball History".
  6. ^ Warrington, Robert (2010). "Departure Without Dignity: The Athletics Leave Philadelphia". sabr.org. Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  7. ^ Weart, William G. (October 19, 1950). "Mack Quits as Athletics' Manager After 50 Years; Dykes Gets Post". timesmachine.nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
  8. ^ Pittsburgh Piates 9, Washington Senators 7. 1925 World Series Game 7, played on October 15, 1925 at Forbes Field. Baseball Reference play-by-play and box score. Retrieved on February 11, 2018.
  9. ^ Ledell Titcomb article. SABR Biography Project. Retrieved on February 10, 2018.
  10. ^ Bill Lange article. SABR Biography Project. Retrieved on February 10, 2018.
  11. ^ Harry Coveleski. Article written by John Heiselman. SABR Biography Project. Retrieved on June 5, 2019.
  12. ^ Grover Cleveland Alexander biography. Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum website. Retrieved on February 11, 2018;
  13. ^ Bill Dahlen article. SABR Biography Project. Retrieved on February 7, 2018.
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