The 1957 Isahaya flood (Japanese: 諫早豪雨) was a series of floods occurring in the northwest part of the Japanese island of Kyushu, in and around Isahaya, Nagasaki Prefecture. Spanning 3 days, from July 25 to July 28, 1957, torrential rain brought floods and landslides to the region. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (at that time) recorded an astonishing 1.109 meters of rain in just one 24-hour period, the highest ever recorded in Japan.[1]
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Flood
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After July 21, 1957, a high pressure system over the Maritime Province strengthened and the monsoon front moved south.[2] The Baiu front ran from the Kanto coast through southern Kyushu to the southern Yellow Sea on July 24. On the morning of the 25th, a low pressure system formed in the southern Yellow Sea above the front and moved eastward, while the front itself moved northward and became more active.[1] Thereafter, at 3:00 p.m. on the 25th, the monsoon front was mostly stationary in central Nagasaki Prefecture, remaining there until the 26th, bringing record heavy rain accompanied by thunder.[2]
At 2:00 p.m. on July 25, Isahaya City established a flood control headquarters,[3] but by this time sub-floor flooding had occurred in Tobu Kosei Town.[2] At 3 p.m., the Honmeigawa River exceeded the warning water level of 3.50 meters, and an emergency siren was sounded.[2][3] As the situation became increasingly dire the first evacuation order siren was sounded at 6:50 p.m., and the second evacuation order siren sounded at 7:30 p.m..[2][3]
At around 8:00 p.m., debris flows were occurring frequently in the upper reaches of the Honmei River, and at around 9:30 p.m., the evacuation order siren was sounded for the third time as the Honmei River overflowed, but power was cut off in the city immediately after, disrupting communication.[2][3] The heavy rains caused the Honmeigawa River to flood twice in Isahaya City. The second flood, caused by a large-scale debris flow upstream, brought in a large amount of sediment and debris which caused great damage.[1] The muddy torrent hit the Higashi-Eisho-cho area in front of Isahaya Station, broke the levee upstream on the east side of Shimen Bridge, cut through Tenma-cho, and also destroyed the right-bank levee behind Takagi Shrine.[2][3] Furthermore, debris got caught in the Megane Bridge, built during the 1830s of stone to prevent it from being washed away by floods. It stood, but the debris blocked the escape of floodwaters, causing further damage.[2]
Kumamoto City recorded a daily precipitation of 480.5mm, exceeding the daily precipitation of 411.9mm during the 1953 Shirakawa flood in north Kyushu.
Deaths
editIn Isahaya City alone more than 500 people died and according to a White Paper on Fire Services, published by the Japanese government to increase public understanding of fire prevention policies, 586 people were killed, 136 people were missing, 3,860 people were injured, 1,564 houses were completely destroyed, 2,802 houses were partially destroyed, 24,046 houses were flooded above the floor level, and 48,519 houses were flooded below the floor level.[1] The Isahaya Flood 30th Anniversary Commemorative Book puts the number of dead and missing at 630 (539 in the Isahaya area, 53 in the Moriyama area, 37 in the Takagi area, and 1 in the Konagai area), and reports also indicate that there were 630 people dead and missing.[4]
Aftermath
editJapanese prime minister Nobusuke Kishi flew surveyed the damage from a plane flying over the disaster area and dropped 250000 leaflets with his promise that help was on its way.[5]
The United States donated relief supplies and sent its Air Force to Japan with a mercy airlift of food and clothing for the flood victims.[5]
Megane bridge
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Since Megane bridge had exacerbated the flooding by catching and holding debris, blocking the escape of floodwater, it was decided to blow it up and turn it into rubble for the seawall. However, through the efforts of Mayor Gihei Nomura and others it became, in 1958, the first stone bridge in Japan to be designated an important cultural property. From 1959 to 1960 construction work was carried out to relocate it to Isahaya Park.
National Isahaya Bay Reclamation Project
editIn 1989 construction began on the Isahaya Bay Reclamation Project whose purpose is to prevent flood damage caused by heavy rains such as the Isahaya Torrential Rain. A completion ceremony was held in 2007, its disaster prevention effectiveness are yet are unknown. Although the project is the subject of debate, the flooding of the Honmei River, which once occurred every few years, has been reduced. Storm surge damage has disappeared, and Isahaya citizens rate the water level control and flood prevention effects of the reclamation project highly.[6]
River festival
editAfter the great flood, the Isahaya Manyo River Festival has been held on July 25 every year on the riverbed in the middle reaches of the Honmei River.[2]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d "諫早豪雨". 気象庁. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i 高橋和雄 (2017). "1957年諫早大水害から60年－教訓と頻発する豪雨災害への備え－" (PDF). 自然災害科学. 36 (3). 日本自然災害学会: 217–255.
- ^ a b c d e "諫早大水害30周年記念誌「あの日を忘れない」" (PDF). 諫早市. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ "死者・不明630人惨事から66年 諫早大水害展始まる 被災時と現在の写真比較". 読売新聞. 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ a b "More Than 600 Bodies Recovered On Kyushu". Canberra Times. 30 July 1957 – via trove.nla.gov.au.
- ^ 【翻弄された諫早干拓】「堤防は暮らし守っている」「菅直人元首相がごちゃごちゃにした」諫早市民から歓迎の声 産経新聞 2018年7月30日