The 1958 Bavarian state election was held on 23 November 1958 to elect the members of the Fourth Bavarian Landtag, and was notable for being held in the midst of the Casino Affair, which indicted several Bavarian politicians in the previous government on charges of corruption.[1]
 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 204 seats in the Landtag of Bavaria 103 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Registered | 6,254,214 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 4,655,745 (76.6%) 5.8% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Results for the single-member constituencies. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Background
editViererkoalition
editWhile the CSU was still suffering from the major upset of the 1950 state elections, it found itself recouping their losses in 1954, gaining back 19 seats out of the total 40 lost in 1950, and the SPD struggled to keep itd upwards momentum. That opened a door to another grand coalition, which had been done twice, or a possible alliance with the declining right-wing parties. However, the SPD pulled a major coup after the election results had come in. Under SPD Landtag Chairman Waldemar von Knoeringen, negotiations were brokered with the BP, GB/BHE and FDP for a Viererkoalition (coalition of four) against the CSU. That was approved, and the SPD politician Wilhelm Hoegner became Minister-President for a second time, with the BP co-founder Joseph Baumgartner as his deputy. That caused internal strife within the CSU, which led to the resignation of Hans Ehard as party chair in January 1955, but he remained in his position as President of Landtag.[2]
Casino Affair
editIn 1951, the businessman Karl Freisehner had approached the government about casino operating concessions in his name. That was rejected, but several Landtag members had received a bribe of 50,000 marks to vote for it. With enough pressure, the Bavarian government gave the licences in April 1955. Soon afterwards, the CSU had launched a parliamentary investigation into the opening of the casinos. One of the recipients of the 50,000-mark check was a CSU deputy, Franz Michel, who came forwards to his other party members. Later, he claimed that he had burned the check. The crusade against bribery was now led by Friedrich Zimmermann, who reportedly had incriminating evidence on Baumgartner. In 1957, Baumgartner and Interior Minister August Geislhöringer, also a member of the BP, resigned in the face of the allegations.[3]
The Viererkoalition officially collapsed on 8 October 1957 by the Casino Affair and the CDU/CSU victory in the 1957 federal election. The right-wing parties abandoned the SPD in reaction to the election, and Hoegner submitted his resignation on 9 October 1957. The CSU politician Hanns Seidel was chosen as Minister-President and formed a coalition with the FDP and GB/BHE, which would last through the 1958 state elections.[2]
Results
editThe Casino Affair and the 1958 elections were a major coup for the CSU, which had completely regained the seats lost in 1950 but was now only three off from a Landtag majority. It continued the right-wing coalition government under Seidel, and Zimmerman continued his investigations with vigour. In January 1959, Freisehner came forward with documents detailing payments made to Baumgartner and Geislhöringer. Both were sentenced to jail, with Baumgartner receiving two years and Geislhöringer one-and-a-half years. It would later be revealed that the documents Freisehner had presented were most likely forged, but it no longer mattered since the BP had managed to destroy its own reputation.[3]
The right-wing populists in Bavaria had gone through several ups and downs since the formation of post-war democracy, starting with the rise of the Economic Reconstruction Union and Alfred Loritz's rise to the state cabinet and subsequent escape to Switzerland in 1947 to 1948.[4] The quick rise of the BP and GB/BHE were no different. In the 1952 local elections the BP won 705 seats and 10.2% of the vote; in 1956, it on the eve of the Casino Affair, ot won 519 seats and 7.6% of the vote; and finally in 1960, it won 145 seats and 2.3% of the vote. By 1972, it won only two local seats. In that same 1952-1960 period, the GB/BHE went from 740 seats and 10.1% of the vote to 550 seats and 7.8% of the vote and finally to 464 seats and 6.7% of the vote before it disbanded.[5] The Casino Affair solidified the downward trend of these parties and the integration of the more radical elements of Bavarian politics into the mainstream parties of the CSU and FDP.[6]
The CSU continued on a relative path of prosperity, even with the death of Minister-President Seidel, who was replaced by the formerly-disgraced chairman of the state party, Hans Ehard, who continued forth with essentially the same cabinet.[1]
Parties
editThe table below lists parties represented in the Third Landtag of Bavaria.
| Name | Ideology | Leader(s) | 1954 result | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes (%) | Seats | |||||
| CSU | Christian Social Union in Bavaria Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern |
Christian democracy | George Mexiner | 38 | 83 / 204
| |
| SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands |
Social democracy | Waldemar von Knoeringen | 28.1 | 61 / 204
| |
| BP | Bavaria Party Bayernpartei |
Bavarian nationalism | Joseph Baumgartner | 13.2 | 28 / 204
| |
| GB/BHE | All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights Gesamtdeutscher Block/Bund der Heimatvertriebenen und Entrechteten |
German nationalism | Willi Guthsmuths | 10.2 | 19 / 204
| |
| FDP | Free Democratic Party Freie Demokratische Partei |
Classical liberalism | Karl Eberhardt | 7.2 | 13 / 204
| |
| Party | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | +/- | Seats % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christian Social Union (CSU) | 4,192,904 | 45.6 |  7.6
|
101 | 18
|
49.5 | |
| Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 2,839,300 | 30.9 | 2.7
|
64 | 3
|
31.4 | |
| All-German Bloc/League of Expellees and Deprived of Rights (GB/BHE) | 793,628 | 8.6 | 1.6
|
17 | 2
|
8.3 | |
| Bavaria Party | 742,424 | 8.1 | 5.1
|
14 | 14
|
6.9 | |
| Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 512,344 | 5.6 | 1.6
|
8 | 5
|
3.9 | |
| Others | 123,220 | 0.9 | 0 | ±0 | 0 | ||
| Total | 9,203,820 | 100.0 | 204 | ||||
| Voter turnout | 76.6 | 5.8
|
|||||
| Source: Statistik Bayern and Historisches Lexikon Bayerns | |||||||
References
edit- ^ a b [1] Bayerische Staatsregierung, accessed 1 June 2020
- ^ a b [2] Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte, accessed 31 May 2020
- ^ a b ""Gehandelt wie die sizilianische Mafia"". DER SPIEGEL (in German). 15 August 1988. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ [3] Historisches Lexikon Bayerns, accessed 30 May 2020
- ^ "Kommunalwahlen Bayern 1946 bis 2008" (PDF).
- ^ [4] Historisches Lexikon Bayerns, accessed 1 June 2020.