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1966 Florida gubernatorial election

For related races, see 1966 United States gubernatorial elections.

The 1966 Florida gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 1966. During the primary election, the results from the Democratic Party were close among three of the four candidates. Thus, the top two Democrat candidates – incumbent Governor of Florida William "Haydon" Burns and Mayor of Miami Robert King High – competed in a runoff election on May 24, 1966. In an upset outcome, Robert King High was chosen over W. Haydon Burns as the Democratic Gubernatorial nominee. In contrast, the Republican primary was rather uneventful, with businessman Claude Roy Kirk Jr. easily securing the Republican nomination against Richard Muldrew. This was the first time a Republican was elected governor since Reconstruction.

1966 Florida gubernatorial election
← 1964 November 8, 1966 1970 →
Turnout66.50% (of registered voters)[1]
 
Nominee Claude R. Kirk Jr. Robert K. High
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 821,190 668,233
Percentage 55.13% 44.86%
County results

Kirk:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

High:      50–60%      60–70%
Governor before election

W. Haydon Burns
Democratic

Elected Governor

Claude Roy Kirk Jr.
Republican

On Election Day – November 8 – Claude Kirk won the general election with 821,190 (55.13%) votes versus Robert High's 668,233 (44.86%) votes. As a result, Claude Kirk became the first Republican elected to the office of Governor of Florida since Ossian B. Hart in 1872. At the time of the election, the Florida Constitution did not include a provision allowing a lieutenant governor. However, after a new state constitution was adopted in 1968, Governor Kirk appointed Ray C. Osborn as Lieutenant Governor of Florida, the first to serve in that office since Milton H. Mabry in 1889. As of 2022, this is the last time that a Republican gubernatorial nominee has carried Broward County.

Background

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Democratic Haydon Burns, who won the gubernatorial election in 1964, was up for re-election. Although gubernatorial elections in Florida are normally every four years, the cycle of gubernatorial elections was changed so as not to coincide with presidential election years. Thus, the Governor of Florida elected in 1964 would serve from January 5, 1965 to January 3, 1967, while the next term would last from January 3, 1967 – January 5, 1971.[2]

Democratic nomination

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Candidates

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Campaign

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In September 1965, a poll with a sample size exceeding 3,000 people indicated Governor Haydon Burns had an approval rating of 75%. However, by March 1966, the Governor's approval rating fell to 56%, due to Burns' alleged dishonesty, lack of integrity, and showing favoritism. In that same "confidential" poll Robert High surprisingly led Haydon Burns by 34%-28.5%, while Scott Kelly received 18.5% and 19% were left undecided. Due to the "stunning" results this poll conducted by Haydon Burns' campaign managers, they attempted to cover up it up.[3] By the end of November, the three major Democratic candidates in 1964 all announced their intention to run for governor in 1966, which were incumbent governor Haydon Burns, Mayor of Miami Robert King, and State Senator Scott Kelly. Additionally, it was speculated that former governor Thomas "LeRoy" Collins would also challenge Burns in the primary,[4] but instead ran for United States Senate in 1968.[5] Eventually a fourth person, Tallahassee publisher Sam Foor, decided to enter the race, though he was not considered a "serious contender".[6]

28.3% of the voting age population participated in the Democratic primary.[7] Both the Democratic and Republican primary election took place on May 3, 1966. The results of the Democratic primary were Haydon Burns with 372,451 votes (35.35%), Robert High with 338,281 votes (32.11%), Scott Kelly with 331,580 votes (31.47%), and Sam Foor with 11,343 votes (1.08%). Because none of the four candidates received at a majority of votes, a runoff election was held between Haydon Burns and Robert King, the top two candidates, on May 24, 1966. After the run-off election, Robert High defeated Haydon Burns by a margin of 596,471-509,271 (53.94%-46.065). Thus, Robert King High was the Democratic nominee for the 1966 gubernatorial election in Florida.

Results

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Democratic Primary Runoff by county
  High
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  •   70–80%
  •   80–90%
  Burns
  •   50–60%
  •   60–70%
  •   70–80%
Democratic primary - May 3, 1966[8][9][10]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Haydon Burns (incumbent) 372,451 35.35
Democratic Robert King High 338,281 32.11
Democratic Scott Kelly 331,580 31.47
Democratic Sam Foor 11,343 1.08
Total votes 1,053,655 100.00%
Democratic primary runoff - May 24, 1966[8][9][11]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Robert King High 596,471 53.94
Democratic Haydon Burns (incumbent) 509,271 46.06
Total votes 1,105,742 100.00%

Republican nomination

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Candidates

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3.5% of the voting age population participated in the Democratic primary.[7]

Results

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Republican primary - May 3, 1966[8][9][12]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Claude Roy Kirk 100,838 80.81
Republican Richard Muldrew 23,953 19.91
Total votes 124,791 100.00%

General election

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After a bitter Democratic primary election, defeated incumbent governor Haydon Burns refused to endorse nominee Robert High. However, High was able to draw endorsements from major Florida newspapers, labor unions, and other Democratic politicians in Florida. High made unpopular proposals, such as a severance tax on phosphate and tightening the sales tax on all products except food and drugs. Republican nominee Claude Kirk promised to veto new taxes and abolish a program calling for several millions of dollars in additional taxation. Kirk also noted that a vote for him would be a vote against inflation and warned voters about the "Johnson–Humphrey-High Administration". The general election campaign was described as "dreary", with a projected voter turnout of less than 65%.[13]

Results

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1966 Florida gubernatorial election[14][15][16]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Claude Roy Kirk 821,190 55.13
Democratic Robert King High 668,233 44.86
Scattering 238 0.02
Majority 152,957 10.27
Turnout 1,489,661
Republican gain from Democratic

References

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  1. ^ "Our Campaigns - FL Governor Race - Nov 08, 1966". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  2. ^ Michael Mello, Deathwork: Defending the Condemned, University of Minnesota Press, 2002, ISBN 0-8166-4088-2, ISBN 978-0-8166-4088-1
  3. ^ Rowland Evans and Robert Novak (March 15, 1966). "Poll Shows High Leading Burns". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
  4. ^ Jack Ledden (November 28, 1965). "'Rerun' Governor's Race Seen For 1966". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
  5. ^ "FL US Senate". Our Campaigns. March 23, 2003. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
  6. ^ "Six Vie For Governor Nominations". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. United Press International. May 3, 1966. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
  7. ^ a b Steed, Moreland & Baker 1980, p. 26.
  8. ^ a b c Congressional Quarterly 1998, p. 106.
  9. ^ a b c America Votes 7, p. 81.
  10. ^ "FL Governor, 1966 - D Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
  11. ^ "FL Governor, 1966 - D Runoff". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
  12. ^ "FL Governor, 1966 - R Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
  13. ^ "Is It High Or Kirk? Ballot To Tell Tale". Palm Beach Daily News. United Press International. November 8, 1966. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
  14. ^ Congressional Quarterly 1998, p. 47.
  15. ^ America Votes 7, p. 74.
  16. ^ "FL Governor, 1966". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 23, 2022.

Bibliography

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See also

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